發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-27 13:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于彈性支撐的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)振動控制及管道阻尼減振技術(shù)研究　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 彈性阻尼支撐 轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性 整體式擠壓油膜阻尼器(ISFD) 阻尼密封強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 管道阻尼減振

【摘要】：高轉(zhuǎn)速、高精度、大功率、輕結(jié)構(gòu)和長壽命柔性轉(zhuǎn)子是現(xiàn)代高速旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的發(fā)展趨勢。為了獲得更高的工作效率和可靠性,現(xiàn)在的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)大都采用柔性轉(zhuǎn)子設(shè)計(jì),柔性轉(zhuǎn)子在高速下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)其同步振動響應(yīng)往往較大且高速下的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)更容易出現(xiàn)次同步振動引發(fā)的穩(wěn)定性問題。當(dāng)前解決轉(zhuǎn)子振動較大、易失穩(wěn)問題最簡單有效的方法之一就是優(yōu)化支撐系統(tǒng),引入彈性阻尼支撐結(jié)構(gòu)以改善轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)和瞬態(tài)動力學(xué)特性。通過引入彈性支撐結(jié)構(gòu)可有效降低轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)臨界轉(zhuǎn)速,這就可以合理的匹配臨界轉(zhuǎn)速和工作轉(zhuǎn)速的相對位置,使得系統(tǒng)臨界轉(zhuǎn)速能進(jìn)一步遠(yuǎn)離工作轉(zhuǎn)速,有效避開共振區(qū)。通過引入外阻尼可有效抑制轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)同步振動響應(yīng)過大和次同步振動失穩(wěn)問題,提高轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性。本文的研究主線是阻尼減振技術(shù),結(jié)合研究生期間的科研實(shí)驗(yàn)和項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐情況,全文主要從彈性阻尼支撐結(jié)構(gòu)、阻尼密封結(jié)構(gòu)和粘滯性阻尼器結(jié)構(gòu)在轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)或化工設(shè)備振動控制中的應(yīng)用幾方面,對阻尼減振技術(shù)展開了詳細(xì)的分析和介紹。具體研究內(nèi)容如下：(1)彈性阻尼支撐結(jié)構(gòu)中整體式擠壓油膜阻尼器(Integral Squeeze Film Damper,簡稱ISFD)是本文重點(diǎn)分析和介紹的部分。新型的整體式擠壓油膜阻尼器(ISFD)由于采用新穎的電火花線切割制造工藝進(jìn)行整體式加工,不僅在結(jié)構(gòu)上較傳統(tǒng)擠壓油膜阻尼器有明顯不同,而且在抑制不平衡下同步振動水平和改善次同步振動誘發(fā)的轉(zhuǎn)子失穩(wěn)等問題上有著一系列更加突出的優(yōu)勢。本文第二章將從新型的整體式擠壓油膜阻尼器(ISFD)出現(xiàn)背景、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、結(jié)構(gòu)類型的發(fā)展和演變、提高穩(wěn)定性機(jī)理、能量耗散機(jī)理、設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)、實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用情況、主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)、存在的不足和今后發(fā)展方向等九方面對其進(jìn)行全面的分析和介紹。(2)為了探究新型ISFD彈性阻尼支撐結(jié)構(gòu)對轉(zhuǎn)子振動控制的影響,本文首先從數(shù)值模擬分析出發(fā),利用Dyrobes轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)軟件仿真模擬了剛性支撐和彈性支撐兩種不同支撐結(jié)構(gòu)下,質(zhì)量分布和懸臂長度對轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)臨界轉(zhuǎn)速及振動控制方面的影響規(guī)律,為下文相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)的進(jìn)行提供了理論指導(dǎo)。本文研究并設(shè)計(jì)了不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的S型彈性體,探究了不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對S型彈性體剛度參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,并根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺情況設(shè)計(jì)并加工出了四套實(shí)驗(yàn)用的ISFD彈性阻尼支撐結(jié)構(gòu)。本文分別設(shè)計(jì)并搭建了多種實(shí)驗(yàn)工況下的單跨懸臂轉(zhuǎn)子實(shí)驗(yàn)臺、單跨轉(zhuǎn)子實(shí)驗(yàn)臺以及雙跨N+1支撐轉(zhuǎn)子實(shí)驗(yàn)臺,并將新設(shè)計(jì)的ISFD彈性阻尼支撐結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用于上述三種轉(zhuǎn)子振動控制實(shí)驗(yàn)中。通過多種不同支撐結(jié)構(gòu)下減振效果的對比分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了ISFD彈性阻尼支撐結(jié)構(gòu)在轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)振動控制方面相對其他支撐結(jié)構(gòu)有著非常明顯的阻尼減振效果。(3)本文針對北京航天某所某型號發(fā)動機(jī)液氫渦輪泵離心輪前、后凸肩阻尼封結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性研究項(xiàng)目中密封結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度問題,首先利用Fluent流場軟件求解出不同密封結(jié)構(gòu)下的壓力分布,然后應(yīng)用Ansys有限元分析軟件對梳齒密封和圓孔型阻尼密封在實(shí)際工況下的應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度和變形量進(jìn)行求解,對比分析了兩種密封結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度,并對圓孔型密封在不同周向孔數(shù)及不同圓孔深度下的結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行了對比分析和研究。(4) 本文介紹了管道阻尼減振技術(shù)以及粘滯性管道阻尼器的結(jié)構(gòu)及其減振原理。以四項(xiàng)實(shí)際工程項(xiàng)目中的換熱器管道、壓縮機(jī)管道和低溫甲醇洗工藝管道為實(shí)例,本文從管道參數(shù)及振動情況、管道模態(tài)分析、管道振動原因分析、阻尼減振模擬計(jì)算、阻尼減振方案的確定以及減振改造效果驗(yàn)收六方面對管道阻尼減振技術(shù)在石油化工設(shè)備中的應(yīng)用做了詳細(xì)的分析和介紹。實(shí)踐證明,阻尼減振技術(shù)能有效控制石油化工設(shè)備中的振動問題,四項(xiàng)實(shí)際工程管道阻尼減振改造項(xiàng)目的減振效果均得到用戶的一致好評。
[Abstract]:High speed, high precision, high power, light structure and long life flexible rotor are the development trend of modern high speed rotating machinery. In order to achieve higher work efficiency and reliability, most of the rotor systems nowadays use flexible rotor design. When the flexible rotor is running at high speed, the synchronous vibration response is often large, and the rotor system with high speed is prone to the stability problem caused by subsynchronous vibration. At present, one of the most simple and effective methods to solve the problem of large rotor vibration and instability is to optimize the supporting system, and introduce the elastic damping support structure to improve the steady and transient dynamic characteristics of the rotor system. By introducing elastic support structure, the critical speed of rotor system can be effectively reduced, which can reasonably match the relative position of critical speed and working speed, so that the critical speed of the system can further move away from the working speed and avoid resonance area effectively. Through the introduction of external damping can effectively suppress the synchronous vibration response of rotor system is too large and time synchronous vibration instability problems, improve the stability of rotor system. The main line of this paper is the damping technology, combined with the postgraduate research and project practice, this article mainly from several aspects of application of elastic damping support structure, damping seal structure and viscous damper structure in rotor system or chemical equipment in vibration control, launched a detailed introduction and analysis of vibration damping technology. The specific contents are as follows: (1) elastic damping support the integrated structure of squeeze film damper (Integral Squeeze Film Damper, referred to as ISFD) is the key part of the introduction and analysis. The squeeze film damper model (ISFD) because of the use of electric spark wire cutting manufacturing process of novel integral processing, not only in structure than the conventional squeeze film damper are obviously different, and in the inhibition under unbalanced synchronous vibration and improve the level of the rotor subsynchronous vibration induced instability and so on a series of a more prominent advantage. The second chapter from the integral model of squeeze film damper (ISFD) background, structure, development and evolution and structure, improve the stability mechanism and energy dissipation mechanism, key links, engineering application, main advantages, existing problems and future development direction of the nine aspects of comprehensive analysis and introduction the. (2) in order to explore the new ISFD elastic damping support structure of rotor vibration control, this paper from the numerical simulation and analysis of the use of Dyrobes software to simulate the rotor dynamics of rigid support and elastic support two different supporting structure under the influence of the critical speed of rotor system and vibration control of the mass distribution and the cantilever length. To provide theoretical guidance for the following experiments. In this paper, S elastomers with different structural parameters have been studied and designed. The influence rules of different structural parameters on the stiffness parameters of S elastomers have been explored. Based on the experimental platform, four sets of ISFD elastic damping support structures have been designed and manufactured. This paper designs and builds single span cantilever rotor test rig, single span rotor test rig and double span N+1 support rotor test rig under various experimental conditions, and applies the newly designed ISFD elastic damping support structure to the above three kinds of rotor vibration control experiments. By comparing and analyzing the effect of vibration reduction under various supporting structures, it is proved by experiments that ISFD elastic damping support structure has obvious damping effect on vibration control of rotor system compared with other supporting structures. (3) according to a certain type of Beijing aerospace engine liquid hydrogen turbopump centrifugal wheel before and after the shoulder damping sealing structure stability research project seal structure strength problem, we use Fluent software to solve the flow field of different sealing structure under the pressure distribution, and then to the labyrinth seal and hole type damper seal in actual conditions and application of Ansys finite element analysis software, the stress intensity and deformation are solved, compared the two kinds of sealing structure and sealing hole of strength, structural strength to the number of holes in different weeks and different depth of hole of the comparative analysis and research. (4) this paper introduces the pipeline vibration damping techniques and viscous damper and its damping pipe structure principle. In four practical projects in the heat exchanger pipe, pipeline and compressor Rectisol Process Pipeline as an example, the modal parameters and vibration from the pipeline, pipeline analysis, cause analysis, pipeline vibration damping simulation, vibration damping scheme and vibrationreduction effect acceptance six aspects of application technology of pipeline vibration damping in the petrochemical equipment to do the detailed introduction and analysis. Practice has proved that damping vibration reduction technology can effectively control the vibration problems in petrochemical equipment, and the damping effect of four practical engineering pipes and dampers and vibration reduction retrofit projects has been well received by users.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB535

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