發(fā)布時間：2018-10-13 16:36

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)是一種以分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)為核心,對基因進(jìn)行修飾、改造,從而定向改變生物體遺傳性狀的技術(shù)�；谵D(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)在大豆中的應(yīng)用,從技術(shù)研發(fā)手段、外源基因挖掘、轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆品種、大豆除草劑、種植面積、研發(fā)體系等方面對國內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆研究及應(yīng)用進(jìn)展進(jìn)行概述,以期為發(fā)展中國大豆轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)提供借鑒和參考。分析指出,國外轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆研發(fā)能力較為成熟,大豆外源基因轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)主要采用農(nóng)桿菌介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)化法和微彈轟擊法,通過cp4、dmo、Pat、cry1Ac、fatb1-A等目的基因的表達(dá),得到抗蟲、抗除草劑、高油酸以及具復(fù)合性狀的大豆品種,同時轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)體系比較健全,促進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的產(chǎn)業(yè)化;而中國轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆研究多為基礎(chǔ)性研究,側(cè)重于基因檢測和再生體系培育,外源基因轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)缺乏創(chuàng)新性,存在轉(zhuǎn)基因安全性結(jié)論未定、輿論環(huán)境尷尬、研發(fā)體系不完善、審批過程復(fù)雜、具有完全自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的基因開發(fā)數(shù)量少,高油、抗生素抗性等功能性基因挖掘不足等問題,制約中國轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程。今后應(yīng)改革高校和科研機(jī)構(gòu)考核制度、強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)學(xué)研模式、完善轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)機(jī)制、加強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)基因科普與監(jiān)管,為轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)化營造更加健康的發(fā)展環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Transgenic technology is a kind of technology which takes molecular biology technology as the core, modifies and modifies the gene to change the genetic character of organism. Based on the application of transgenic technology in soybean, this paper summarizes the research and application of transgenic soybean at home and abroad from the aspects of technology research and development, exogenous gene mining, transgenic soybean variety, soybean herbicide, planting area, research and development system, etc. In order to provide reference and reference for the development of soybean transgenic technology in China. It was pointed out that the foreign transgenic soybean had mature R & D ability. The main techniques of soybean exogenous gene transformation were Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and microelastic bombardment. Through the expression of target genes such as cp4,dmo,Pat,cry1Ac,fatb1-A, insect-resistant and herbicide resistant were obtained. The high oleic acid and the soybean varieties with complex characters, at the same time, the protection system of the transgenic property right is relatively perfect, which promotes the industrialization of the transgenic soybean, while the research of the transgenic soybean in China is mostly the basic research, focusing on the gene detection and regeneration system cultivation. The technology of exogenous gene transformation is lack of innovation, the conclusion of safety of transgenic is undecided, the public opinion environment is awkward, the research and development system is not perfect, the examination and approval process is complex, the quantity of gene development with completely independent intellectual property rights is small and high oil. The lack of functional genes, such as antibiotic resistance, restricts the industrialization of transgenic soybeans in China. In the future, we should reform the examination system of universities and scientific research institutions, strengthen the mode of production, education and research, perfect the protection mechanism of transgenic property rights, strengthen the popularization and supervision of transgenic science, and create a more healthy development environment for transgenic technology and its industrialization.
【作者單位】： 東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然基金青年基金(71303038);國家自然基金國際合作交流項目(7141101042) 黑龍江省普通本科高校青年創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)計劃(UNPYSCT) 東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)“學(xué)術(shù)骨干”項目~~
【分類號】：S565.1

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