【摘要】：21世紀(jì)是設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)高速發(fā)展的時(shí)期，各國(guó)紛紛采取措施，加大投資，大力發(fā)展智能化設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)。我國(guó)從八十年代就開(kāi)始批量進(jìn)行設(shè)施人工環(huán)境模擬的蔬菜生產(chǎn),如高檔玻璃溫室生產(chǎn)。早期的設(shè)施溫室主要從荷蘭、以色列等農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)引進(jìn)，同時(shí)還引進(jìn)了這些實(shí)時(shí)溫室種植的蔬菜種子。 截止到2010年，我國(guó)園藝設(shè)施面積超過(guò)了350萬(wàn)hm2，與1980年相比增加了近500倍，成為世界溫室蔬菜生產(chǎn)面積最大的地區(qū)之一。雖然溫室生產(chǎn)規(guī)模發(fā)展迅猛，，但是國(guó)內(nèi)溫室蔬菜生產(chǎn)特別是智能玻璃溫室生產(chǎn)的成本高，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)價(jià)格貴，很難真正走進(jìn)普通百姓的日常生活。另外，溫室生產(chǎn)品質(zhì)也很難和國(guó)外同級(jí)產(chǎn)品相媲美。造成上述現(xiàn)象的原因在于目前國(guó)內(nèi)高檔智能溫室設(shè)施及技術(shù)主要依賴進(jìn)口，且其配套的智能化環(huán)境控制系統(tǒng)一般只針對(duì)進(jìn)口種子設(shè)計(jì)，缺少真正適合我國(guó)溫室生產(chǎn)并且具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的溫室智能化生產(chǎn)控制體系。 本文在總結(jié)以往國(guó)內(nèi)外進(jìn)行的溫室智能控制研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)目前我國(guó)自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的溫室環(huán)境調(diào)控系統(tǒng)智能化程度低，生產(chǎn)成本高的現(xiàn)狀，基于華東地區(qū)使用最為廣泛的連棟塑料大棚，研發(fā)一種依據(jù)上海自有蔬菜品種和露地蔬菜生產(chǎn)農(nóng)藝，具有人機(jī)交換界面輸入蔬菜全生長(zhǎng)周期、智能決策、自動(dòng)控制的低成本溫室智能控制系統(tǒng)。 本文主要內(nèi)容包括：一、作物典型生長(zhǎng)影響因子及溫室微環(huán)境控制策略的相關(guān)研究。通過(guò)對(duì)作物生長(zhǎng)影響因子（如溫度、濕度、光照、二氧化碳等）的研究，為溫室電氣設(shè)備改造提供依據(jù)。依據(jù)各執(zhí)行設(shè)備的對(duì)溫室小氣候的影響，結(jié)合CFD模擬仿真結(jié)果，提出組合式多級(jí)控制的多因子決策方案。二、根據(jù)連棟溫室結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和控制目標(biāo)，提出了基于遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器（基于VS2008設(shè)計(jì)）和溫室現(xiàn)場(chǎng)智能測(cè)控系統(tǒng)（基于ARM11開(kāi)發(fā)）相結(jié)合的分布式系統(tǒng)組網(wǎng)方案。三、從項(xiàng)目實(shí)際出發(fā)，給出了溫室現(xiàn)場(chǎng)核心控制系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)方案。硬件方面，選擇S3C6410作為核心處理器，并詳細(xì)分析了相關(guān)模塊硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)；軟件方面，選擇Linux作為嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)，用Qt進(jìn)行軟件開(kāi)發(fā)，并簡(jiǎn)要介紹了嵌入式系統(tǒng)的移植和Qt/Embedded運(yùn)行庫(kù)的編譯與移植過(guò)程。 本論文的研究提高了溫室環(huán)境控制的智能化水平，對(duì)推動(dòng)智能溫室的產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程，促進(jìn)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有一定的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。通過(guò)在上海某示農(nóng)業(yè)示范園區(qū)溫室的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試，表明系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定可靠，控制效果明顯。
[Abstract]:The 21st century is a period of rapid development of facility agriculture. Many countries have taken measures to increase investment and vigorously develop intelligent facility agriculture. Since 1980's, China has been carrying out mass production of vegetables simulated by artificial environment, such as the production of high-grade glass greenhouses. Early greenhouse facilities were introduced mainly from agricultural powers such as the Netherlands and Israel, as well as vegetable seeds grown in real-time greenhouses. Up to 2010, the area of horticultural facilities in China exceeded 3.5 million hm ~ 2, which increased nearly 500-fold compared with 1980, and became one of the largest greenhouse vegetable production areas in the world. Although the scale of greenhouse production is developing rapidly, the high cost of domestic greenhouse vegetable production, especially the production of intelligent glass greenhouse, leads to the high market price of products, and it is difficult to really enter the daily life of ordinary people. In addition, greenhouse production quality is also difficult to compare with foreign products of the same class. The reason for the above phenomenon lies in the fact that at present, the domestic high-end intelligent greenhouse facilities and technologies mainly rely on imports, and its matching intelligent environment control system is generally designed only for imported seeds. There is a lack of intelligent greenhouse production control system which is suitable for greenhouse production and has its own intellectual property rights. On the basis of summarizing the previous research work of greenhouse intelligent control at home and abroad, this paper aims at the present situation that the greenhouse environment control system with independent intellectual property right in our country has low intelligence degree and high production cost. Based on the most widely used multi-span plastic shed in East China, a kind of agricultural production technology based on Shanghai's own vegetable varieties and open field vegetables is developed, which has the man-machine exchange interface to input the whole growth cycle of vegetables, and makes intelligent decision. Automatic control of low-cost greenhouse intelligent control system. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Research on crop typical growth factors and greenhouse microenvironment control strategies. Through the research on the factors affecting crop growth (such as temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide, etc.), this paper provides the basis for the transformation of electrical equipment in greenhouse. According to the effect of each execution equipment on the microclimate of greenhouse, combined with the simulation results of CFD, a multi-factor decision making scheme of combined multilevel control is proposed. Secondly, according to the structure characteristics and control goal of multi-span greenhouse, a distributed network scheme based on the combination of remote server (based on VS2008 design) and greenhouse field intelligent measurement and control system (based on ARM11 development) is proposed. Thirdly, the hardware and software design scheme of the field control system in greenhouse is given from the point of view of the project. In the aspect of hardware, S3C6410 is chosen as the core processor, and the hardware circuit of related module is analyzed in detail. In software, Linux is chosen as embedded operating system, and QT is used for software development. The porting of embedded system and the compiling and porting process of Qt/Embedded runtime are introduced briefly. The research in this paper improves the intelligent level of greenhouse environmental control and has certain theoretical significance and practical value to promote the industrialization process of intelligent greenhouse and promote the sustainable development of facility agriculture. The field test of greenhouse in an agricultural demonstration park in Shanghai shows that the system is stable and reliable, and the control effect is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：S625;TP273

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