【摘要】：玉米相對于其他的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,除了食用效用外還能通過物理或化學(xué)的加工方法加工出近3000種新的產(chǎn)品,這些產(chǎn)品除了食品以外,還可以用作飼料、工業(yè)原料甚至是新興能源�？梢哉f玉米價值鏈橫跨第一、第二和第三產(chǎn)業(yè),是非常長的價值鏈,它的發(fā)展前景可謂一片光明。從數(shù)據(jù)上看,近幾年來,玉米在工業(yè)消費的需求正迅速增長。在我國目前的玉米加工,正在由初級的淀粉、酒精、飼料加工向以賴氨酸、變性淀粉、化工醇、燃料乙醇為主要產(chǎn)品的深層生化加工處理做轉(zhuǎn)變,其加工產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于食品、醫(yī)藥、汽車、紡織、電子等領(lǐng)域。價值鏈上各個環(huán)節(jié)只要能獲得穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟收益,那么價值鏈整體也會保持穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。因此一個好的價值鏈利潤分配方式至關(guān)重要,它一方面可以鼓勵各環(huán)節(jié)積極投入到合作中來,生產(chǎn)出數(shù)量更多、質(zhì)量更好的產(chǎn)品,另一方面也可以減少各種不必要的花費,降低成本,提高效率。 燃料乙醇作為一種重要的生物質(zhì)能源,由其具有清潔、可再生和許多其他的優(yōu)勢而被人們越來越多的關(guān)注,并已在國內(nèi)外能源領(lǐng)域成為一個研究熱點,有希望成為“后石油時代”的新能源主力軍。以玉米為原料的燃料乙醇相比其他行業(yè)價值鏈有自己的特殊性：玉米生產(chǎn)者是獨立的,生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小,具有廣泛的分布空間,燃料乙醇加工企業(yè)難以和大量種植玉米的農(nóng)民建立契約關(guān)系,大多數(shù)公司選擇從玉米糧食收購站購銷玉米,導(dǎo)致了玉米生產(chǎn)被排擠出玉米基燃料乙醇價值鏈外；燃料乙醇加工企業(yè)科研投入不足,缺乏專業(yè)技術(shù)人員,其中一些燃料乙醇加工企業(yè)小,散,弱的特點突出,加工企業(yè)作為一個整體,自主創(chuàng)新能力弱,缺乏自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的核心生產(chǎn)技術(shù)；燃料乙醇銷售商利用直接面對需求者的優(yōu)勢制定成品價格,謀取超額利潤,使得整個玉米基燃料乙醇價值鏈利潤分配機制扭曲。因此,本文以玉米基燃料乙醇為例,從價值鏈的整體視角出發(fā)分析了安徽省及周邊地區(qū)燃料乙醇價值鏈的各環(huán)節(jié)價格形成的過程,并得到了總體利潤是按什么比例分別分配給價值鏈各環(huán)節(jié)中的,然后解釋了這種不合理的比例產(chǎn)生的原因,接著通過Shapley值的合作模式分配方法,通過對參與合作的各個主體對整體貢獻程度的大小這一權(quán)重,合理決定了利潤分配的方案。最后,研究闡述了主要結(jié)論,并針對結(jié)論提出相關(guān)對策和建議。
[Abstract]:Compared with other agricultural products, corn can also be processed through physical or chemical processing methods to produce nearly 3000 new products, which can also be used as feed, industrial raw materials and even new energy sources. It can be said that the corn value chain straddles the first, second and third industries, and it is a very long value chain, and its development prospects are bright. From the data, in recent years, corn in industrial consumption demand is growing rapidly. At present, corn processing in China is changing from primary starch, alcohol and feed processing to deep biochemical processing with lysine, modified starch, chemical alcohol and fuel ethanol as the main products. Its processing products have been widely used in food, medicine, automobile, textile, electronics and other fields. As long as each link in the value chain can obtain stable economic benefits, then the whole value chain will remain stable. So a good way to distribute profits in the value chain is very important. On the one hand, it can encourage all the links to actively participate in cooperation, and produce more quantity and better quality products, on the other hand, it can also reduce various unnecessary costs. Reduce costs and improve efficiency. As an important biomass energy, fuel ethanol has been paid more and more attention for its clean, renewable and many other advantages, and has become a research hotspot in the field of energy at home and abroad. There is hope that the post-oil era of the new energy force. Fuel ethanol based on corn has its own particularity compared with other industry value chains: corn producers are independent, production scale is small, and there is wide distribution space. It is difficult for fuel ethanol processing enterprises to establish contract relationship with farmers who grow a lot of corn. Most companies choose to buy and sell corn from corn grain purchasing stations, which results in corn production being excluded from the value chain of corn based fuel ethanol. Fuel ethanol processing enterprises have insufficient investment in scientific research and lack of professional technical personnel. Some fuel ethanol processing enterprises are characterized by their small, scattered and weak characteristics. Processing enterprises as a whole have weak independent innovation capabilities. Lack of independent intellectual property rights of the core production technology; fuel ethanol vendors use the advantages of directly facing the demand to set the price of finished products, seek excess profits, resulting in the entire corn-based fuel ethanol value chain profit distribution mechanism distorted. Therefore, taking corn based fuel ethanol as an example, this paper analyzes the price formation process of each link of fuel ethanol value chain in Anhui Province and its surrounding areas from the perspective of the whole value chain. And get the proportion of the total profit distribution to each link in the value chain, and then explain the reason of this unreasonable proportion, and then through the Shapley value of the cooperation mode distribution method. The scheme of profit distribution is determined by the weight of the contribution degree to the whole of the parties involved in the cooperation. Finally, the main conclusions are expounded, and the relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F326.5

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