【摘要】：隨著信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的高速發(fā)展,網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息對(duì)民眾利益的侵害也越來(lái)越普遍。辯證唯物主義觀告訴我們,事物都有兩面性,我們?cè)谙硎苄畔⒕W(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來(lái)的便利的同時(shí),也要防止有害信息給社會(huì)造成危害后果。網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息是指在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上傳播,以文字、圖像、聲音、視頻等形式表現(xiàn)的,其內(nèi)容或者傳播行為足以對(duì)國(guó)家利益、社會(huì)公共利益或者個(gè)人合法利益造成損害或威脅的信息。網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息的表現(xiàn)形式多樣,依照利益主體的不同可分為侵害國(guó)家利益的網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息、侵害社會(huì)利益的網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息、侵害個(gè)人利益的網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息。網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息具有身份的隱匿性、受眾的廣泛性、傳播速度的快捷性、傳播方式的多樣性等特征,與有害數(shù)據(jù)、不良信息、虛假信息等具有不同的內(nèi)涵與外延。網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息需要法律予以規(guī)制,不需要法律介入的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息不是法律意義上的有害信息。網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息適用刑法規(guī)制,是因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息對(duì)刑法所保護(hù)的法益造成了侵害。適用刑法規(guī)制網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息,需要遵循嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)危害性、刑法的謙抑性和言論自由均衡等基本原則,以及嚴(yán)重的有害性這一具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。并非所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息皆應(yīng)當(dāng)納入刑法的規(guī)制范圍,哪些網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息應(yīng)當(dāng)納入刑法規(guī)制的范圍,我們需要遵循網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息刑法規(guī)制的基本原則和具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn),綜合判斷。具體而言,可以納入規(guī)制范圍的應(yīng)當(dāng)包括,侵害國(guó)家利益的煽動(dòng)顛覆類信息、泄密類信息以及詆毀國(guó)家名譽(yù)的信息,侵害社會(huì)利益的虛假信息、尋釁滋事信息、淫穢色情信息、傳授犯罪方法信息、破壞市場(chǎng)秩序信息、危害公序良俗的信息等,侵害個(gè)人利益的損害名譽(yù)類信息、侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)類信息。當(dāng)前我國(guó)對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息的刑法規(guī)制已經(jīng)做出了努力,諸多網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息犯罪納入到既有罪名或者新增罪名之中,對(duì)于打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息犯罪,維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和人們利益具有重要意義。但是問(wèn)題依然存在,比如遵循當(dāng)前立法模式所導(dǎo)致的網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息刑法規(guī)制范圍過(guò)窄問(wèn)題,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息立法缺乏預(yù)見性而導(dǎo)致的規(guī)制不徹底問(wèn)題等。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,我們需要堅(jiān)守刑法基本原則,在此基礎(chǔ)之上依據(jù)社會(huì)的發(fā)展需要,完善刑法的規(guī)制手段。立法上,更新刑法理念,實(shí)行適度犯罪化；完善規(guī)制手段,擴(kuò)大刑法保護(hù)范圍；增設(shè)普通條款,預(yù)留保護(hù)空間。司法上,嚴(yán)守罪刑法定,謹(jǐn)慎動(dòng)用刑罰；正確解釋法律,防止解釋越權(quán)；均衡言論自由,彰顯人權(quán)保障。通過(guò)兩個(gè)方面的共同發(fā)力,完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息刑法規(guī)制的制度體系,規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)有害信息犯罪的定罪量刑,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息領(lǐng)域的司法正義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the information network, the harmful information of the network is becoming more and more common to the interests of the people. The dialectical materialism view tells us that all things have two sides, while we enjoy the convenience brought about by the information network, we should also prevent the harmful information from causing danger to the society. In the form of words, images, sounds, video, and other forms, the content or communication behavior is sufficient to cause damage or threat to the interests of the state, the public interest or the legitimate interests of the individual. The various forms of the network harmful information can be divided into harmful information on the network which infringe on the interests of the state according to the differences of the interests of the main body. The network harmful information of the social interests, the network harmful information that infringe on the personal interests. The network harmful information has the identity concealment, the popularity of the audience, the speed of communication, the diversity of the mode of communication and so on. It has different connotation and extension with harmful data, bad information, false information and so on. The law is regulated, the network information that does not need legal intervention is not the harmful information in the legal sense. The network harmful information is applicable to the criminal law regulation, because the network harmful information has caused the infringement to the legal interests protected by the criminal law. The application of criminal law to regulate the harmful information of the network should follow the strict social harmfulness, the modesty and speech of the criminal law The basic principle of free equilibrium, and the specific standard of serious harm. Not all the harmful information of the network should be included in the scope of the regulation of criminal law. Which network harmful information should be included in the scope of criminal law regulation. We need to follow the basic principles and specific standards of the criminal law regulation of harmful information on the network, and make a comprehensive judgment. It should be included in the scope of the regulation, which should include instigation of subversive information, disclosure of information as well as information on the reputation of the state, false information that infringes social interests, provocative information, pornographic information, imparting information on crime methods, destruction of market order information, harm of public order and good customs, and so on. The interests of people damage honorary information and infringe on intellectual property information. At present, our country has made efforts to regulate the criminal law of network harmful information. Many network harmful information crimes are included in both crimes and new charges, which are of great significance for the fight against network harmful information crime and the maintenance of social stability and people's interests. But the problems still exist, such as the narrow scope of criminal law regulation of network harmful information, which is caused by the current legislative pattern, and the lack of foresight of the network false information legislation. In view of these problems, we need to stick to the basic principles of criminal law and based on the needs of social development, To improve the means of regulation of criminal law, to renew the concept of criminal law, to carry out a moderate criminalization, to improve the means of regulation, to expand the scope of the protection of criminal law, to add common provisions and to reserve the space for protection. In judicial, strictly abide by the law of crime and punishment, to explain the law correctly, to prevent the interpretation of overcrossing power, to balance the freedom of speech, and to highlight the protection of human rights. The joint force of the two aspects will improve the system of the criminal law regulation of harmful information on the network, standardize the conviction and sentencing of the network harmful information crime, and finally realize the judicial justice in the field of network information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3
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本文編號(hào)：2150852