【摘要】：近年來隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，大氣污染問題日益突出，不僅嚴(yán)重影響了人們的日常生活，而且也極大地制約了社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。一氧化碳是污染氣體中的重要成分，廣泛存在于人們的生活環(huán)境中，該氣體濃度過高時(shí)將嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康，因此對一氧化碳?xì)怏w排放進(jìn)行監(jiān)測和控制顯得十分緊迫。 目前一氧化碳?xì)怏w的檢測方法已經(jīng)比較成熟，，但是尚不能滿足復(fù)雜工業(yè)現(xiàn)場中在線監(jiān)測、高靈敏度測量等要求�？烧{(diào)諧半導(dǎo)體激光吸收光譜技術(shù)具有高選擇性、在線測量、高靈敏度、響應(yīng)速度快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，經(jīng)過近30年的發(fā)展，已廣泛應(yīng)用于大氣化學(xué)研究和污染氣體監(jiān)測中，成為常用的大氣痕量氣體高靈敏度監(jiān)測技術(shù)，并且各知名儀器制造商也都對激光氣體分析儀展開了研發(fā)。開發(fā)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的基于吸收光譜技術(shù)的一氧化碳監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)是本文的主要研究內(nèi)容，不僅從理論上驗(yàn)證了基于吸收光譜技術(shù)進(jìn)行氣體濃度監(jiān)測的可行性，給出了嚴(yán)密的數(shù)學(xué)推導(dǎo)，而且設(shè)計(jì)了基于吸收光譜技術(shù)的氣體濃度監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。 本文的研究工作主要從三個(gè)方面開展：一、對基于吸收光譜技術(shù)的氣體濃度監(jiān)測方法理論進(jìn)行研究，從分子的角度闡明了激光光強(qiáng)信號被氣體分子吸收的機(jī)理，并介紹了吸收光譜技術(shù)的理論基礎(chǔ)：朗伯-比爾定律；二、介紹基于吸收光譜技術(shù)的一氧化碳濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。首先，對該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思想、工作原理和硬件構(gòu)成進(jìn)行介紹，并著重對主控單元和光源模塊進(jìn)行闡述；其次，針對單中央處理芯片運(yùn)算速度慢，難以滿足本系統(tǒng)多通道采樣、多參數(shù)復(fù)雜運(yùn)算的要求，本文采用了雙中央處理器的設(shè)計(jì)模式來提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性和系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行速度；再次，本系統(tǒng)通過對二次諧波信號進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，得到被測氣體的濃度信息，設(shè)計(jì)了更符合工程實(shí)際的氣體濃度計(jì)算方法；最后，針對低濃度氣體的二次諧波信號信噪比較低的情況，設(shè)計(jì)了基于傅立葉變換的二次諧波濾波算法，并針對高溫高壓的復(fù)雜工業(yè)現(xiàn)場，設(shè)計(jì)了溫度壓力補(bǔ)償算法；三、利用本系統(tǒng)對一氧化碳?xì)怏w進(jìn)行實(shí)際測量，并將采集得到的一氧化碳?xì)怏w的二次諧波信號進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，濃度測量結(jié)果表明：本文設(shè)計(jì)的基于吸收光譜技術(shù)的氣體濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)能夠準(zhǔn)確測量一氧化碳?xì)怏w濃度。 本文設(shè)計(jì)了基于吸收光譜技術(shù)的一氧化碳?xì)怏w濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，并通過已知濃度的一氧化碳?xì)怏w對該系統(tǒng)的精度進(jìn)行檢測，通過氣體濃度反演結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)濃度監(jiān)測結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。最后，針對激光氣體分析儀如何完成從實(shí)驗(yàn)室的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證到工業(yè)現(xiàn)場的實(shí)際應(yīng)用的轉(zhuǎn)換問題，提出了可行的建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of industry, the problem of air pollution has become increasingly prominent, which not only seriously affects people's daily life, but also greatly restricts the sustainable development of society. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important component of the polluted gas, which widely exists in people's living environment. When the concentration of carbon monoxide is too high, it will seriously threaten human health, so it is very urgent to monitor and control the emission of carbon monoxide. At present, the detection method of carbon monoxide gas is mature, but it can not meet the requirements of on-line monitoring and high sensitivity measurement in complex industrial field. The tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy has the advantages of high selectivity, on-line measurement, high sensitivity and fast response. It has been widely used in atmospheric chemistry research and pollution gas monitoring after nearly 30 years of development. It has been widely used as a sensitive monitoring technique for trace atmospheric gases, and laser gas analyzer has been developed by many famous instrument manufacturers. The development of carbon monoxide monitoring system based on absorption spectrum technology with independent intellectual property rights is the main research content of this paper, which not only proves theoretically the feasibility of gas concentration monitoring based on absorption spectrum technology. A strict mathematical derivation is given, and an experimental system of gas concentration monitoring based on absorption spectrum technology is designed. The research work in this paper is mainly carried out in three aspects: first, the theory of gas concentration monitoring based on absorption spectrum technology is studied, and the mechanism of laser intensity signal absorbed by gas molecule is explained from the molecular point of view. The theoretical basis of absorption spectrum technology: Lambert-Beer 's law and the design scheme of carbon monoxide concentration monitoring system based on absorption spectrum technology are introduced. Firstly, the design idea, working principle and hardware structure of the system are introduced, and the main control unit and light source module are emphasized. Secondly, because of the slow operation speed of single central processing chip, it is difficult to satisfy the multi-channel sampling of the system. In order to improve the reliability of the system and the running speed of the system, the design mode of dual central processor is adopted to improve the reliability and the speed of the system. Thirdly, the data processing of the second harmonic signal is carried out in the system. The concentration information of the measured gas is obtained, and the calculation method of the gas concentration is designed, which is more in line with the engineering practice. Finally, the signal to noise ratio of the second harmonic signal of the low concentration gas is low. The second harmonic filter algorithm based on Fourier transform is designed, and the temperature and pressure compensation algorithm is designed for the complex industrial field of high temperature and high pressure. The data of the second harmonic signal of carbon monoxide gas are processed. The concentration measurement results show that the gas concentration monitoring system based on absorption spectrum technology can accurately measure the concentration of carbon monoxide gas. In this paper, a carbon monoxide concentration monitoring system based on absorption spectrum technology is designed, and the accuracy of the system is measured by the known concentration of carbon monoxide gas. The results of gas concentration inversion show the accuracy of the system concentration monitoring results. Finally, some feasible suggestions are put forward to solve the problem of how to convert the laser gas analyzer from experimental verification in laboratory to practical application in industrial field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP274

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