本文選題：深海拖纜式石油勘探 + 導(dǎo)航定位��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：石油天然氣資源是國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的命脈。石油天然氣己成為超越經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題之外的關(guān)乎國(guó)家安全,尤其是能源安全的戰(zhàn)略問(wèn)題。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的發(fā)展,對(duì)石油天然氣資源的需求也不斷增加,截止2012年,我國(guó)石油天然氣對(duì)外依存度己達(dá)到60%。世界范圍內(nèi)60%的海洋油氣資源主要分布在大陸架,但深水和超深水域油氣資源潛力也十分可觀,約占30%。據(jù)估算,我國(guó)南海地區(qū)的石油地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量約占油氣總量的1／3,其中有70%蘊(yùn)藏在深海區(qū)域。 由于陸地和淺水地區(qū)石油勘探開(kāi)發(fā)程度較高,油氣產(chǎn)量己接近峰值,深水海域必將成為未來(lái)油氣資源勘探開(kāi)發(fā)的接替區(qū)域,同時(shí)深水海域的油氣勘探也面臨著資金、技術(shù)和裝備的挑戰(zhàn)。近年來(lái),通過(guò)中外合作開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)引進(jìn),我國(guó)深水海域勘探開(kāi)發(fā)的力度不斷加大,取得了較大的進(jìn)步,但深水區(qū)域油氣勘探的核心技術(shù)(軟件、裝備等)仍然高度依賴(lài)進(jìn)口,需要迫切發(fā)展具有我國(guó)自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的深水區(qū)域油氣勘探核心技術(shù)。深海油氣勘探離不開(kāi)與勘探方法相關(guān)的導(dǎo)航與定位技術(shù)。相關(guān)資料表明,國(guó)內(nèi)尚無(wú)個(gè)人和研究機(jī)構(gòu)從事深水區(qū)油氣勘探導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)的研究工作,因此本文主要針對(duì)拖纜式海洋石油勘探的需求,開(kāi)展與其相關(guān)的導(dǎo)航定位數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)研究,以期打破國(guó)外壟斷,實(shí)現(xiàn)擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的深海拖纜式石油勘探導(dǎo)航與定位數(shù)據(jù)處理相關(guān)技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)軟件。 本文首先圍繞拖纜式海洋石油勘探的基本原理,分析了拖纜式海洋石油勘探的作業(yè)模式和技術(shù)特點(diǎn),給出了海洋拖纜式石油勘探對(duì)導(dǎo)航定位的總體要求,在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了海洋拖纜式勘探導(dǎo)航定位過(guò)程中各傳感器布局和相關(guān)測(cè)量技術(shù),首次研究并給出了深海拖纜式石油勘探導(dǎo)航定位數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)的算法體系。其次,分析了復(fù)雜海洋環(huán)境下各種觀測(cè)值粗差分布的物理意義,并根據(jù)觀測(cè)值類(lèi)型,定制了有效的、個(gè)性化的粗差探測(cè)方法,給出了具有海洋環(huán)境下普遍適用意義的粗差探測(cè)方法,即基于選權(quán)迭代的碩大粗差探測(cè)方法和改進(jìn)的一階滯后濾波小粗差濾除方法。另外,針對(duì)深海拖纜式石油勘探導(dǎo)航定位網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn),提出了“結(jié)構(gòu)約束”和基于“派生距離觀測(cè)值”,并應(yīng)用到聲學(xué)網(wǎng)平差中,解決了由于定位位網(wǎng)絡(luò)約束條件限制帶來(lái)平差結(jié)果失真的問(wèn)題,以及由于前、中、后網(wǎng)相互獨(dú)立平差帶來(lái)平差結(jié)果不吻合的問(wèn)題,大大提高了網(wǎng)平差的可靠性和精度。同時(shí),由于檢波點(diǎn)處于被拖曳的水下非剛性電纜中,本文給出了一種基于“電纜模型約束”的檢波點(diǎn)位置計(jì)算方法,保證了網(wǎng)平差結(jié)果與檢波點(diǎn)計(jì)算成果的一致性。最后開(kāi)發(fā)了一套實(shí)用的深海拖纜式石油勘探導(dǎo)航定位數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)軟件MEPS。本文的具體工作為： 1、在研究深海拖纜式石油勘探作業(yè)過(guò)程相關(guān)測(cè)量技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,首次建立了整套拖纜式海上石油地震勘探導(dǎo)航定位數(shù)據(jù)處理算法體系,包括數(shù)據(jù)讀取、數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量控制、多類(lèi)型數(shù)據(jù)融合導(dǎo)航定位平差和檢波點(diǎn)計(jì)算等： 2、分析了復(fù)雜海洋環(huán)境下導(dǎo)航定位觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)粗差特性及其物理意義,根據(jù)不同觀測(cè)值類(lèi)型,定制了諸如連續(xù)粗差、設(shè)備故障數(shù)據(jù)粗差探測(cè)方法,同時(shí)給出了基于選權(quán)迭代穩(wěn)健估計(jì)的碩大粗差探測(cè)方法,以及改進(jìn)的一階滯后濾波小粗差濾除方法,解決了拖纜式海洋石油勘探導(dǎo)航定位復(fù)雜數(shù)據(jù)的“凈化”問(wèn)題; 3、由于前網(wǎng)和后網(wǎng)約束條件的限制,導(dǎo)致平差結(jié)果失真；前、中、后網(wǎng)相互獨(dú)立,會(huì)導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)間平差結(jié)果不吻合。本文根據(jù)石油勘探拖纜定位拖纜上傳感器分布特點(diǎn),提出了將“派生距離觀測(cè)值”應(yīng)用到聲學(xué)網(wǎng)平差中,并將“結(jié)構(gòu)約束”引入網(wǎng)平差,改善了網(wǎng)的約束條件,解決了羅經(jīng)觀測(cè)值參與平差計(jì)算的問(wèn)題,使所有觀測(cè)值都在網(wǎng)平差中發(fā)揮作用,提高了網(wǎng)平差成果精度,同時(shí)也確保了前、中、后網(wǎng)平差結(jié)果的一致； 4、針對(duì)聲學(xué)節(jié)點(diǎn)平差結(jié)果和電纜模型推算結(jié)果不吻合的問(wèn)題,給出了基于“電纜模型約束”的檢波點(diǎn)計(jì)算方法,解決了動(dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境中非剛性電纜上檢波點(diǎn)位置的精確確定問(wèn)題,使電纜模型計(jì)算的坐標(biāo)與統(tǒng)一網(wǎng)平差結(jié)果吻合,消除了數(shù)據(jù)之間的矛盾； 5、開(kāi)發(fā)了深海拖攬式石油地震勘探導(dǎo)航定位數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)MEPS,并在多個(gè)國(guó)外項(xiàng)目中得到了應(yīng)用。系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)與應(yīng)用,對(duì)于我國(guó)打破國(guó)外技術(shù)封鎖,建立具有獨(dú)立產(chǎn)權(quán)的深海拖攬式導(dǎo)航定位系統(tǒng),進(jìn)一步發(fā)展我國(guó)深海拖攬式石油勘探技術(shù)具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:Petroleum and gas resources are the lifeline of the country ' s economic development . Petroleum and natural gas has become a strategic problem beyond economic problems . With the development of our country ' s economy and society , the demand for oil and gas resources has increased . As of 2012 , China ' s oil and gas resources have reached 60 % . The oil and gas resources of 60 % of the world ' s oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the continental shelf , but the oil and gas resources in the deep water and ultra - deep waters are also considerable , accounting for 30 % . It is estimated that the petroleum geological reserves in the South China Sea are about 1 / 3 of the total oil and gas , and 70 % of them are hidden in the deep sea area .

Due to the high degree of petroleum exploration and development in the land and shallow water areas , the oil and gas production has been close to the peak value , and the deep water sea area will become the successor area of the future exploration and development of oil and gas resources . In recent years , the core technology ( software , equipment , etc . ) of deep water area is still highly dependent on the import . In recent years , the core technology ( software , equipment , etc . ) of deep water area is still highly dependent on import . Therefore , it is necessary to develop deep water area oil and gas exploration nuclear technology with independent intellectual property .

Based on the basic principle of streamer - type marine oil exploration , this paper analyzes the operational model and technical characteristics of streamer - type marine oil exploration , and gives the general requirements for the navigation and positioning of marine towed oil exploration .

1 . Based on the study of relevant measurement techniques for deep - sea streamer type petroleum exploration , a whole set of streamer - type offshore oil seismic exploration and navigation positioning data processing algorithm system is established for the first time , including data reading , data quality control , multi - type data fusion navigation positioning adjustment and detection point calculation , etc .

2 . The coarse difference and its physical meaning of navigation and positioning observation data under complex marine environment are analyzed . According to the types of different observation values , the method of coarse difference detection , such as continuous coarse difference and equipment fault data , is customized , and a large coarse difference detection method based on robust estimation of selection weights is given .

3 . Due to the limitation of the constraint of the front net and the back net , the adjustment result is distorted ;
In this paper , based on the characteristics of sensor distribution on the towed cable of petroleum exploration , this paper puts forward the application of " derivative distance observation value " to the adjustment of acoustic network , and puts forward " structural constraint " to the adjustment of net adjustment , improves the constraint of net , and solves the problem that the observation value of compass is involved in the adjustment of net adjustment , so that all observation values play a role in net adjustment , and the accuracy of net adjustment result is improved .


4 . Aiming at the problem that the adjustment result of the acoustic node and the calculation result of the cable model do not match , a detection point calculation method based on the " cable model constraint " is given , the problem of accurate determination of the position of the detection point on the non - rigid cable in the dynamic environment is solved , the coordinate of the cable model calculation is matched with the result of the uniform net adjustment , and the contradiction between the data is eliminated ;


5 . The MEPS is developed and applied in several foreign projects . The research and development and application of the system are of great theoretical and practical significance for China to break the foreign technical blockade and establish a deep - sea towed navigation positioning system with independent property rights .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P742;P744.4

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