本文選題：商業(yè)秘密 + 侵權(quán)�。� 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：本文在對(duì)中外知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法典、國(guó)際公約以及大量判例、學(xué)術(shù)著作和期刊論文進(jìn)行研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國(guó)商業(yè)秘密審判實(shí)踐,詳細(xì)研究了商業(yè)秘密民事法律保護(hù)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題,并就我國(guó)商業(yè)秘密糾紛處理中一些難點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題提出了解決路徑。全文共五章,內(nèi)容涉及商業(yè)秘密民事法律保護(hù)概述、商業(yè)秘密認(rèn)定、侵害商業(yè)秘密的認(rèn)定、侵害商業(yè)秘密的法律責(zé)任、商業(yè)秘密民事法律保護(hù)的限度。 第一章商業(yè)秘密民事法律保護(hù)概述。主要闡述了商業(yè)秘密的界定、權(quán)利歸屬、民事法律保護(hù)的理論基礎(chǔ)。筆者認(rèn)為,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)參照TRIPS協(xié)議的規(guī)定對(duì)商業(yè)秘密作出界定,取消實(shí)用性要件,并對(duì)企業(yè)向國(guó)家有關(guān)主管機(jī)關(guān)提交的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)提供保護(hù)。商業(yè)秘密外延應(yīng)不限于技術(shù)秘密和經(jīng)營(yíng)秘密,還應(yīng)包括其他一些符合商業(yè)秘密認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)類信息等。商業(yè)秘密的歸屬應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新原則、投資原則、契約自由原則,因職務(wù)行為而完成的商業(yè)秘密歸屬于單位,同時(shí)允許單位與職工約定歸屬。單位應(yīng)當(dāng)就職務(wù)創(chuàng)造支付獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和報(bào)酬。委托完成的商業(yè)秘密依據(jù)約定確定歸屬,沒(méi)有約定的歸開(kāi)發(fā)者。商業(yè)秘密民事法律保護(hù)的理論基礎(chǔ)在于其為無(wú)形財(cái)產(chǎn)。商業(yè)秘密立法價(jià)值不僅是激勵(lì)研究和創(chuàng)新、促進(jìn)技術(shù)傳播和使用,還在于維護(hù)公平誠(chéng)信的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)秩序。這些理論決定了我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)制定專門的商業(yè)秘密法的模式來(lái)為商業(yè)秘密提供多維保護(hù)。 第二章商業(yè)秘密的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。認(rèn)定商業(yè)秘密除了傳統(tǒng)的秘密性、價(jià)值性、保密措施標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外,還應(yīng)當(dāng)包括新穎性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。新穎性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求商業(yè)秘密必須具有一定的創(chuàng)造性。判斷新穎性、秘密性、價(jià)值性的成立,要求有關(guān)信息區(qū)別于公知信息且公眾難于從公開(kāi)渠道直接取得,權(quán)利人為此也付出了一定勞動(dòng)等�！安粸楣娝ぁ睂儆谝幌麡O事實(shí),權(quán)利人舉證較難,可以降低其證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。商業(yè)秘密具有地域性特征,在一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)公開(kāi)的信息,不影響在其他國(guó)家或地區(qū)因符合商業(yè)秘密的特征而成為商業(yè)秘密。保密措施包括權(quán)利人主觀上有保密意愿、客觀上采取了保密措施兩方面。保密措施只要合理就可以,不能要求成本過(guò)于昂貴。如果一個(gè)有正常心智和法律理念的理性人,已經(jīng)意識(shí)到權(quán)利人的有關(guān)信息是保密的,權(quán)利人的保密措施已經(jīng)被感知,則該保密措施就應(yīng)該是合理的。 第三章侵害商業(yè)秘密的認(rèn)定。侵害商業(yè)秘密的具體行為包括以不正當(dāng)手段獲取他人的商業(yè)秘密、不當(dāng)披露或使用他人的商業(yè)秘密、違反保密義務(wù)或保密要求披露或使用他人的商業(yè)秘密、第三人因過(guò)錯(cuò)不當(dāng)獲取、披露或使用他人商業(yè)秘密。筆者認(rèn)為,凡是以違背誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則和公認(rèn)的商業(yè)道德的手段獲取、披露、使用他人商業(yè)秘密的行為均屬于侵害商業(yè)秘密的不正當(dāng)手段。對(duì)“使用”的理解不應(yīng)當(dāng)局限于文義,還包括行為人雖作修改但其技術(shù)內(nèi)容實(shí)質(zhì)上是來(lái)源于他人商業(yè)秘密的情形。保密義務(wù)不僅限明示,還有默示義務(wù)存在。當(dāng)事人違反保密義務(wù)將產(chǎn)生違約責(zé)任和侵權(quán)責(zé)任的競(jìng)合,有時(shí)也存在侵害債權(quán)行為。第三人因過(guò)錯(cuò)不當(dāng)獲取、披露或使用他人商業(yè)秘密的,與違反保密義務(wù)或采取不正當(dāng)手段的他人構(gòu)成共同侵權(quán),承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任。過(guò)錯(cuò)是商業(yè)秘密侵權(quán)認(rèn)定的主觀要件,這有別于其他知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)行為。筆者認(rèn)為,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)建立商業(yè)秘密善意取得制度。為解決商業(yè)秘密訴訟中的舉證難問(wèn)題,“接觸+相似—合法來(lái)源”以及“相似(源于原告秘密的極大可能性)-合法來(lái)源”可用以推定行為人采取了不正當(dāng)手段獲取或使用了權(quán)利人的商業(yè)秘密。同時(shí),我國(guó)不應(yīng)當(dāng)采用美國(guó)法中的不可避免披露原則。處理客戶名單糾紛必須正確平衡與協(xié)調(diào)好客戶名單持有人與雇員、新雇主之間的利益沖突。客戶信息在其特定化,為公眾難于取得,且系開(kāi)發(fā)人作了勞動(dòng)投入的,可以作為商業(yè)秘密受到保護(hù)。客戶基于對(duì)原單位雇員的特定信賴而自愿與職工本人或職工新單位發(fā)生交易的,適用客戶信賴?yán)庖?guī)則,雇員不構(gòu)成侵權(quán)。 第四章侵害商業(yè)秘密的法律責(zé)任。侵害商業(yè)秘密的民事法律責(zé)任適用于一般財(cái)產(chǎn)受到損害的民事責(zé)任。筆者認(rèn)為,在我國(guó)針對(duì)商業(yè)秘密侵權(quán)行為可以申請(qǐng)發(fā)布臨時(shí)禁令。其條件包括申請(qǐng)人實(shí)勝訴的極大可能性；如不采取臨時(shí)禁令,被申請(qǐng)人的行為將會(huì)給申請(qǐng)人造成難以彌補(bǔ)的損害；申請(qǐng)人要提供相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保；下發(fā)禁令并不損害社會(huì)公共利益。停止侵權(quán)責(zé)任應(yīng)當(dāng)設(shè)定時(shí)間和范圍,以被告正常開(kāi)發(fā)商業(yè)秘密所需時(shí)間為準(zhǔn)。停止侵權(quán)這種責(zé)任也可因公共利益等因素而排除適用,以責(zé)令行為人支付許可費(fèi)等方式解決。確定侵權(quán)賠償額的原則為補(bǔ)償性為主懲罰性為輔原則、創(chuàng)新原則和比例原則�？梢詤⒄諏＠謾�(quán)的規(guī)定以權(quán)利人損失、侵權(quán)人獲利、許可費(fèi)的倍數(shù)和法定賠償四種方法確定賠償額。懲罰性賠償在我國(guó)有適用的情形存在。 第五章商業(yè)秘密民事法律保護(hù)的限度。反向工程、公共利益、國(guó)家利益、勞動(dòng)者生存權(quán),以及訴訟權(quán)益可以適度限制商業(yè)秘密權(quán)利的行使。要對(duì)競(jìng)業(yè)限制予以適當(dāng)限制以維護(hù)勞動(dòng)者的擇業(yè)自由,職工可以自由使用剩留知識(shí)。當(dāng)事人不能因?yàn)樽C據(jù)涉及商業(yè)秘密而不予提交對(duì)方質(zhì)證,法庭要采取適當(dāng)措施保護(hù)權(quán)利人的商業(yè)秘密,如責(zé)令簽訂保密協(xié)議、限制參加質(zhì)證的人員范圍等。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the study of Chinese and foreign intellectual property code, international conventions and a large number of jurisprudence, academic works and periodical papers, this paper studies the related issues of civil law protection of commercial secrets in detail in combination with the practice of commercial secret trial in China, and puts forward solutions to some of the difficulties and hot issues in the treatment of business secrets in China. The full text consists of five chapters. The content involves a summary of the civil legal protection of commercial secrets, the identification of commercial secrets, the identification of infringing commercial secrets, the legal liability for infringing commercial secrets, and the limits of the civil legal protection of commercial secrets.
The first chapter is an overview of the civil legal protection of commercial secrets. It mainly expounds the definition of business secrets, the ownership of rights and the theoretical basis of the civil law protection. The author thinks that China should define the business secret according to the provisions of the TRIPS agreement, cancel the practical requirements, and provide the experimental data submitted by the enterprises to the relevant state authorities. The extension of commercial secrets should not be limited to technical secrets and business secrets, and other management experience information that conforms to the standards of commercial secrets. The ownership of business secrets should adhere to the principle of innovation, the principle of investment, the principle of freedom of contract, and the business secrets completed by the duty behavior in the unit, and allow the units to be used. The unit should create payment awards and remuneration for the job creation. The business secrets entrusted to be completed are determined by the agreement. The legal protection of the commercial secret is the intangible property. The value of the commercial secret is not only the incentive research and innovation, the promotion of technology dissemination and the promotion of technology. It is also used to maintain a competitive order of fair and good faith. These theories determine that our country should formulate a special business secret law to provide multi-dimensional protection for business secrets.
The second chapter is the standard for identifying business secrets. It is found that business secrets should also include novelty standards besides the traditional secrets, values and standards of secrecy. Novelty standards require that business secrets have a certain creativity. It is difficult for the public to obtain directly from the open channel. The right holder has also paid a certain amount of labor for this. "Not knowing for the public" is a negative fact. It is difficult to raise proof by the right holder. It can reduce the standard of proof. The commercial secret has regional characteristics, and the information in a country or region does not affect the conformity of business in other countries or regions. There are two aspects of secrecy on the subject of secrecy. The measures of secrecy include the confidentiality intention of the right holder and the secrecy measures objectively. As long as the measures of secrecy are reasonable, the cost is too expensive. If a rational person with normal mental and legal ideas is aware of the information of the right person, it is aware that the information of the right person is guaranteed. If the privacy measures of the obligee have been perceived, then the security measures should be reasonable.
The third chapter infringes on the identification of commercial secrets. The specific actions against commercial secrets include obtaining other people's commercial secrets by improper means, undue disclosure or use of other people's commercial secrets, disclosure or use of other people's commercial secrets in violation of the obligation of confidentiality or confidentiality, and the third persons, due to improper fault, disclosure or use of other people's business secrets. The author believes that the act of obtaining, disclosing, and using other people's business secrets is an unfair means to infringe on business secrets. The understanding of "use" should not be limited to the literal sense, but the actor has been amended but its technical content is essentially derived from others. The situation of business secrets. The obligation of confidentiality is not only limited to express, but also the existence of implied obligation. The party who violates the obligation of confidentiality will produce concurrence of breach of contract and tort liability, and sometimes there is a violation of the creditor's right. The third party has acquired, disclosed or uses the business secrets of others because of improper fault, and violates the obligation of confidentiality or take improper means. Other people constitute joint torts and undertake joint and several liability. Fault is the subjective element of the identification of commercial secret infringement, which is different from other intellectual property rights infringement. The great possibility originates from the plaintiff's secret) - the legal source "can be used to presumed that the perpetrator has taken unjustified means to obtain or use the commercial secrets of the right holder. At the same time, our country should not adopt the inevitable disclosure principle in the United States law. Conflict of interests between new employers. Customer information is difficult to obtain for the public, and the developer has made a labor input. It can be protected as a business secret. The customer voluntarily deals with the workers and employees' new units based on the specific trust of the original employees, and applies to the exception rules of the customer's trust, and the employees are not. Constitute a tort.
The fourth chapter infringes on the legal responsibility of commercial secrets. The civil liability for infringement of commercial secrets is applicable to civil liability for damage to general property. I believe that the temporary injunction can be applied in our country for commercial secret infringement. The conditions include the great possibility of the applicant's success; if it does not take a temporary injunction, it is extended. The person's behavior will be irreparable damage to the applicant; the applicant should provide the corresponding guarantee; the injunction does not damage the social and public interests. The time and scope of the cessation of the tort liability should be set and the time required for the defendant to develop the business secrets normally. The responsibility to stop the infringement is also due to the public interest and other factors. The principle of determining the amount of compensation for tort is the supplementary principle of punitive penalty, the principle of innovation and the principle of proportionality. The four methods of punitive punishment can be determined by the provisions of the patent infringement, the loss of the right holder, the profit of the infringer, the multiple of the license fee and the legal compensation. The reparations are applicable in our country.
The fifth chapter is the limitation of civil legal protection of commercial secrets. Reverse engineering, public interests, national interests, workers' right to live, and litigation rights and interests can moderate the exercise of commercial secret rights. The evidence involves business secrets and refuses to submit a certificate of quality. The court should take appropriate measures to protect the business secrets of the right holder, for example, to order a confidentiality agreement and to limit the scope of the persons participating in the certificate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.4;D922.294

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