本文選題：藥品專利 + 公共健康　； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：藥品專利制度是否對社會公共利益產(chǎn)生了很大的影響?尤其對與藥品聯(lián)系最緊密的社會公共健康,還是說為了保護(hù)社會公共利益而抑制了醫(yī)藥的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新?這些目前已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)世界性的問題。在專利權(quán)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與人類的健康權(quán)發(fā)生沖突時(shí),我們應(yīng)該了解專利制度的目的與公共健康關(guān)系的深刻內(nèi)涵是什么?我們該怎樣權(quán)衡利益間的平衡?我們現(xiàn)在面臨的問題亟需解決。這可謂是個(gè)研究契機(jī),促成了筆者的研究動機(jī)。 近些年來,社會公共健康危機(jī)不斷的發(fā)生,一直讓人們困擾的艾滋病,不斷蔓延的禽流感等世界性重大的傳染病都讓我們?nèi)澜绲娜藗冇枰躁P(guān)注。對我們整個(gè)社會公共利益造成了很大的影響。尤其對占全世界3/4人口的發(fā)展中國家,由于缺乏藥品引起的跨國的公共健康危機(jī)越來嚴(yán)重,已經(jīng)引起了全世界的關(guān)注。成為了WTO架構(gòu)下迫切需要解決的重要議題。對于如何解決藥品專利保護(hù)和社會公共利益中與藥品專利聯(lián)系最緊密的公共健康利益之沖突,協(xié)調(diào)其之間的關(guān)系成為了一個(gè)復(fù)雜的話題,同時(shí)也成為在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)中最大的爭議之一。 本文主要研究藥品專利保護(hù)與社會公共利益中與藥品專利聯(lián)系最緊密的公共健康之間的協(xié)調(diào)問題。首先,詳細(xì)的探討了藥品專利保護(hù)制度的內(nèi)容,了解了專利制度的起源,進(jìn)而闡述了藥品專利制度的發(fā)展以及藥品的可及性問題。其次,探究公共健康權(quán)和藥品專利保護(hù)之間的沖突考察,主要分析了TRIPs協(xié)議下對藥品專利的保護(hù),在對于藥品的發(fā)明和治療方法TRIPs協(xié)議提供的專利保護(hù)至關(guān)重要,TRIPs協(xié)議對于應(yīng)對這些問題有很重要的作用,它也給予了各成員方一定的靈活性,為世界上那些急需醫(yī)療救助的人們和對藥品專利的保護(hù)之間尋求了一種平衡。隨后,通過比較法和案例分析法,探討了對藥品專利保護(hù)與社會公共健康之間的平衡與協(xié)調(diào),著重分析了《多哈宣言》和《總理事會決議》等的相關(guān)規(guī)定為解決沖突中的相關(guān)規(guī)范中的不足與局限性。緊接著探討了發(fā)展中國家為解決其沖突應(yīng)采取的法律措施和非法律措施。最后,結(jié)合我國的現(xiàn)狀,詳細(xì)的分析了藥品專利保護(hù)和公共健康中存在的問題。提出我國《專利法》規(guī)定的不足之處,并提出了相關(guān)對策,詳細(xì)的分析了強(qiáng)制許可在我國的具體實(shí)施,平行進(jìn)口專利藥在我國的利用以及我國應(yīng)該對中藥及中國遺傳資源和傳統(tǒng)知識的重視。
[Abstract]:Does the drug patent system have a great impact on the public interest? Especially for the social public health, which is most closely related to drugs, or is it to protect the public interests of the society and restrain the technological innovation of medicine? These have now become a worldwide problem. When the patentee's economic interest conflicts with the human's right to health, what is the profound connotation of the relationship between the purpose of the patent system and public health? How should we balance the interests? The problems we are now facing are in urgent need of solution. This can be said to be a research opportunity, contributing to the author's research motivation. In recent years, social public health crisis has occurred constantly, people have been troubled by AIDS, the spread of avian flu and other major worldwide infectious diseases all over the world let us pay attention to. It has had a great impact on the public interest of our society as a whole. Especially for the developing countries, which account for 3 / 4 of the world's population, the transnational public health crisis caused by the lack of drugs has become more and more serious and has attracted worldwide attention. It has become an urgent need to solve the important issue under the WTO framework. How to solve the conflict between drug patent protection and public interest, which is most closely related to drug patent, has become a complicated topic. At the same time, it has become one of the biggest disputes in intellectual property protection. This paper focuses on the coordination between drug patent protection and public health, which is most closely related to drug patent. Firstly, the content of drug patent protection system is discussed in detail, the origin of patent system is understood, and then the development of drug patent system and the issue of drug accessibility are expounded. Secondly, it explores the conflict between public health rights and drug patent protection, mainly analyzes the protection of pharmaceutical patents under trips. The trips Agreement has a very important role to play in dealing with these problems in terms of patent protection provided by the trips Agreement for the invention and treatment of drugs, and it also gives some flexibility to the members. A balance has been struck between the world's people in need of medical aid and the protection of drug patents. Then, through comparative law and case analysis, the balance and coordination between drug patent protection and social public health are discussed. The relevant provisions of the Doha Declaration and the General Council Resolution are analyzed as the shortcomings and limitations of the relevant norms in conflict resolution. Then it discusses the legal and non-legal measures that developing countries should take to resolve their conflicts. Finally, according to the current situation of our country, the problems in patent protection and public health are analyzed in detail. Put forward the deficiencies of the Patent Law of our country, and put forward the relevant countermeasures, detailed analysis of the specific implementation of compulsory licensing in China, The utilization of parallel imported patent drugs in China and the importance of traditional Chinese medicine, genetic resources and traditional knowledge in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923.4

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