本文選題：金針菇 + 原生質(zhì)體單核化��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年來,金針菇作為一種健康,有機(jī)的食品走進(jìn)了廣大人民群眾的視線中。伴隨著人民群眾對金針菇需求量的逐年提高,金針菇周年化生產(chǎn)工廠也如雨后春筍般出現(xiàn),發(fā)展極為迅速。菌種,是食用菌生產(chǎn)的最重要的環(huán)節(jié),但菌種問題始終沒有得到有效解決,目前工廠化生產(chǎn)的金針菇品種絕大多數(shù)來自民間引進(jìn)國外菌種,沒有自主的知識產(chǎn)權(quán),在出口中面臨“知識產(chǎn)權(quán)壁壘”。因此,開發(fā)出具有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的金針菇品種迫在眉睫。子實體顏色是金針菇最重要的表型之一,目前金針菇主要有黃色和白色兩種。野生金針菇為黃色,白色為其突變體。黃色金針菇菌種具有生長速度快,抗逆性強(qiáng),溫度適應(yīng)范圍廣,菇味濃等特點。白色菌株具有出菇齊,口感脆嫩,性狀穩(wěn)定等特點。本研究一來自華東地區(qū)主流工廠化生產(chǎn)用的14株白色金針菇菌種和民間傳統(tǒng)方法栽培用的4株黃色金針菇菌種為材料,通過雜交育種的方式,選育出優(yōu)秀的適合工廠化生產(chǎn)的淺黃色金針菇。本研究對18個親本金針菇進(jìn)行了出菇實驗、拮抗實驗、菌絲活力檢測實驗、分子標(biāo)記實驗等,通過以上的實驗結(jié)果,挑選親緣關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)的菌株進(jìn)行雜交。首先對挑選出來的菌株進(jìn)行原生質(zhì)體單核化實驗,共制備原生質(zhì)體29次,挑取單菌落1220個,篩選出單核體菌株47菌。隨后利用這47株單核體進(jìn)行了單單和單雙雜交,共進(jìn)行單單雜交1084對組合,獲得單單雜交菌株84株。進(jìn)行單雙雜交104對組合,篩選出來雜交菌株19菌。經(jīng)過單單和單雙雜交,共獲得雜交菌株共103株。隨后對雜交株菌株進(jìn)行了平板實驗,拮抗實驗,菌絲活力檢測實驗。根據(jù)以上實驗結(jié)果,篩選出了70株雜交菌株進(jìn)行袋栽和試管栽培實驗,最終成功獲得子實體的雜交菌株有53株。通過對獲得子實體的菌株的農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)雜交菌株3750-1,3750-2和3750-3在色澤,產(chǎn)量,性狀上具有較明顯的優(yōu)勢,是優(yōu)良的淺黃色金針菇菌株。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Flammulina velutipes as a healthy, organic food into the eyes of the masses. With the increasing demand of the people for Flammulina velutipes, the annual Flammulina velutipes production plants are springing up and developing rapidly. Strain is the most important link in edible fungus production, but the problem of mushroom species has never been effectively solved. At present, most of the varieties of Flammulina velutipes produced by factory production come from the introduction of foreign strains from the private sector and have no independent intellectual property rights. Faced with "intellectual property barriers" in exports. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the varieties of Flammulina velutipes with intellectual property. The color of fruiting body is one of the most important phenotypes of Flammulina velutipes (Flammulina velutipes). Wild Flammulina velutipes is yellow and white is its mutants. Flammulina velutipes has the characteristics of fast growth, strong resistance to stress, wide temperature adaptation range, strong mushroom flavor and so on. White strain has the characteristics of mushroom, crisp taste, stable character and so on. In this study, 14 strains of white Flammulina velutipes and 4 strains of yellow Flammulina velutipes cultivated by traditional folk methods were used as materials through hybrid breeding. An excellent light yellow Flammulina velutipes suitable for factory production was selected. In this study, 18 parents of Flammulina velutipes were tested for mushroom emergence, antagonism, hyphal activity detection, molecular labeling, and so on. Based on the above results, the strains with distant genetic relationship were selected for hybridization. First, the protoplast mononuclear test was carried out on the selected strains. A total of 29 protoplasts were prepared, 1220 single colonies were picked out, and 47 strains were screened out. Then the 47 mononuclear strains were used for single and double hybridization, and only 1084 pairs of combinations were used to obtain 84 strains of single hybrid strains. 104 pairs of combinations of single and double hybridization were used to screen 19 strains of hybrid strains. A total of 103 strains were obtained by single and double hybridization. Then, the plate test, antagonistic experiment and hyphal activity test were carried out on the hybrid strain. According to the above experimental results, 70 hybrid strains were selected for bag culture and in vitro cultivation experiments, and 53 hybrid strains were successfully obtained. Based on the statistical analysis of agronomic characters of the strains obtained from fruiting bodies, it was found that the hybrid strains 3750-1, 3750-2 and 3750-3 had obvious advantages in color, yield and characters, and they were excellent strains of Flammulina velutipes (Flammulina velutipes).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S646.15

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本文編號：2066612