本文選題：合理使用 + 利益��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：各國(guó)著作權(quán)法為了實(shí)現(xiàn)鼓勵(lì)文學(xué)、藝術(shù)和科學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作,推動(dòng)知識(shí)傳播和促進(jìn)文化傳承這個(gè)立法目的,一方面通過專有權(quán)利的形式確認(rèn)作者和作品傳播人的利益以便激勵(lì)作品的創(chuàng)作和傳播；而另一方面又對(duì)這種專有權(quán)利進(jìn)行合理約束,這樣既保證了公眾對(duì)作品的接觸和使用,又得以促進(jìn)社會(huì)文化和科學(xué)的發(fā)展。合理使用制度隨之應(yīng)用而生了。著作權(quán)法通過合理使用制度維持著作權(quán)體系中利益格局的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。 雖然著作權(quán)法側(cè)重于保障著作權(quán)人的權(quán)利,但著作權(quán)法并不是僅僅保護(hù)著作權(quán)人的利益。除了這個(gè)目的之外,它還具有促進(jìn)科學(xué)文化和藝術(shù)事業(yè)的發(fā)展、進(jìn)步與繁榮,鼓勵(lì)、促進(jìn)優(yōu)秀科學(xué)文化以及藝術(shù)等作品不斷的創(chuàng)作、傳播,使全社會(huì)都能借著著作權(quán)人的高水平精神產(chǎn)品從而提高自己文化水準(zhǔn)的目的。著作權(quán)法一開始側(cè)重的是傳統(tǒng)著作權(quán)人的“個(gè)人本位”的利益保護(hù)原則,但后來逐漸發(fā)展為尋求創(chuàng)作者利益和社會(huì)整體利益的平衡。著作權(quán)合理使用制度在這一過程中便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了,它產(chǎn)生的根本目的就是是平衡著作權(quán)人和作品使用人之間的利益。合理使用制度創(chuàng)立的初始目的是為了協(xié)調(diào)原創(chuàng)作者和第二作者之間的利益沖突。它一方面為創(chuàng)作者提供必要的創(chuàng)作條件和動(dòng)力,另一方面還能保證使用者能合理充分的利用作品,以便推動(dòng)社會(huì)創(chuàng)作的繁榮與文化傳播進(jìn)步,讓兩者的關(guān)系可以達(dá)到一個(gè)平衡。和目前國(guó)際通行的做法相比較,我國(guó)著作權(quán)法的合理使用制度在立法體例,保護(hù)方式上還有一些差異,在對(duì)著作權(quán)人權(quán)利的保護(hù)方面需要進(jìn)行一些完善。筆者對(duì)此進(jìn)行舉例論證以及對(duì)比分析,對(duì)合理使用制度的概念、原則、價(jià)值、發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行闡述,以期可以促進(jìn)我國(guó)合理使用制度的發(fā)展。 本文分為五個(gè)部分：第一部分首先解釋了利益的含義,在對(duì)利益概念認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上界定了利益均衡的含義,即是在一定的利益格局和體系下出現(xiàn)的利益體系相對(duì)和平共處、相對(duì)均衡的狀態(tài),為文章的第二部分論述了構(gòu)建利益均衡機(jī)制所依據(jù)的理論基礎(chǔ)作了鋪墊。 第二部分論述了構(gòu)建利益均衡機(jī)制所依據(jù)的理論基礎(chǔ)。分別從人權(quán)、激勵(lì)理論、產(chǎn)權(quán)界定理論、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的制度安排方面分析利益均衡機(jī)制的合理性。 第三部分論述了著作權(quán)合理使用制度之利益均衡的對(duì)象。合理使用制度,是指法律在在一定條件的下,允許他人在不經(jīng)著作權(quán)人許可的情況下使用受著作權(quán)法保護(hù)的作品,且不必向其支付報(bào)酬的一種制度。合理使用制度作為著作權(quán)人權(quán)利的主要限制方式,是基于著作權(quán)法所蘊(yùn)含的利益平衡精神而產(chǎn)生。著作權(quán)雖是私權(quán)的性質(zhì),但著作權(quán)的保護(hù)客體知識(shí)產(chǎn)品具有公共商品和私人商品的雙重屬性,它不僅關(guān)系到著作權(quán)人的個(gè)人利益,也關(guān)系到社會(huì)公共利益。 第四部分對(duì)著作權(quán)合理使用制度進(jìn)行比較研究。合理使用是現(xiàn)代各國(guó)著作權(quán)法普遍采用的一項(xiàng)法律制度,在實(shí)踐中各國(guó)對(duì)于著作權(quán)均規(guī)定了合理使用制度。但在合理使用的范圍、合理使用的稱謂、合理使用的情形、合理使用的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、合理使用的條件等具體規(guī)定都不一樣,再結(jié)合我國(guó)著作權(quán)法中具體規(guī)定了十二種合理使用的方式進(jìn)行分析研究,引出下文解決問題、提出對(duì)策的部分。 第五部分是本文的重點(diǎn)和精華所在,屬于解決問題、提出對(duì)策的部分。針對(duì)目前我國(guó)著作權(quán)合理使用制度的不足,從立法模式和具體建議角度出發(fā),提出規(guī)則主義與因素主義相結(jié)合的立法模式,并在具體問題中進(jìn)行分析和完善。
[Abstract]:In order to encourage the creation of literary, artistic and scientific works, promote the dissemination of knowledge and promote cultural heritage, the copyright law of various countries, on the one hand, affirms the interests of the authors and works through the form of exclusive rights to encourage the creation and dissemination of the works; on the other hand, this exclusive right is reasonable. Constraints, which not only guarantee the public's contact and use of the works, but also promote the development of social culture and science. The system of rational use has come into being. The copyright law maintains the dynamic balance of the interests pattern in the copyright system through the rational use system.
Although copyright law emphasizes the protection of the rights of the copyright owners, the copyright law does not only protect the interests of the copyright owners. In addition to this purpose, it also promotes the development, progress and prosperity of scientific culture and the art cause, encourages, promotes the continuous creation and dissemination of excellent scientific and cultural and art works, so that the whole society is spread. In the beginning, the copyright law focuses on the protection principle of the "personal standard" of the traditional copyright owners, but gradually developed into a balance between the interests of the creator and the whole society. The system of rational use of copyright is the process of this process. The fundamental purpose of it is to balance the interests of the copyright owners and the users of the works. The initial purpose of the establishment of the rational use system is to coordinate the conflict of interests between the original author and the second author. On the one hand, it provides the necessary creation conditions and motivation for the Creator, on the other hand it can also guarantee that the author can make a guarantee for the creation of the author The author can make full use of the works so as to promote the prosperity of social creation and the progress of cultural communication, so that the relationship between the two can reach a balance. Compared with the current international practice, the rational use system of the copyright law of our country has some differences in the legislative style and the way of protection, and the protection of the rights of the copyright owners. In order to promote the development of rational use system in China, the author expounds and contrasts the concept, principle, value and direction of the rational use of the system.
This article is divided into five parts: the first part first explains the meaning of interest. In the basis of understanding the concept of interest, it defines the meaning of the balance of interest, that is, the relatively peaceful coexistence and relative equilibrium of the interest system in a certain interest pattern and system, and the second part of the chapter expounds the construction of the balance of interest mechanism. The basis of the theory is paved.
The second part discusses the theoretical basis for the establishment of a balance mechanism of interest, and analyzes the rationality of the mechanism of balance of interests from the aspects of human rights, incentive theory, the theory of property right definition, and the institutional arrangement of intellectual property.
The third part discusses the object of the balance of the interests of the system of rational use of copyright. The rational use of the system refers to the law, under certain conditions, to allow others to use the copyright law to protect the works without the permission of the copyright owners, and does not have to pay the remuneration to them. The rational use system is the human rights of copyright. The main restrictive way is based on the balance of interests contained in the copyright law. Although copyright is the nature of private rights, the object knowledge product of copyright protection has dual attributes of public goods and private goods. It is not only related to the personal benefits of the copyright owners, but also to the public interests.
The fourth part makes a comparative study of the system of rational use of copyright. Rational use is a legal system commonly used in the copyright law of modern countries. In practice, all countries have set up a reasonable use system for copyright. However, in the scope of rational use, the proper use of appellations, the reasonable use of the situation, the reasonable use of the judgment standard, The specific provisions of the reasonable use of the conditions are different, and then combined with the specific provisions of the copyright law of our country twelve ways of rational use of analysis and research, leads to the solution of the following problems, and put forward the countermeasures.
The fifth part is the key and essence of this article. It belongs to the part of solving the problem and putting forward the countermeasures. In view of the deficiency of the current system of rational use of copyright in our country, the legislative mode combining the rule doctrine and the factor doctrine is put forward from the legislative mode and the specific suggestion angle, and the analysis and improvement are made in the specific problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.41

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