本文選題：早產(chǎn)與低出生體重兒配方奶粉 + 營養(yǎng)需要��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本課題是“十二五”即“2011-2015年中華人民共和國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃綱要”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃“現(xiàn)代奶業(yè)發(fā)展科技工程”項(xiàng)目的一部分。 我國每年新出生的早產(chǎn)與低出生體重兒約有100萬左右，由于早產(chǎn)兒尚未在母親體內(nèi)攝取到最夠生長需要的養(yǎng)分，來不及發(fā)育成熟，因此組織器官的容易出現(xiàn)功能障礙。健康早產(chǎn)兒的營養(yǎng)需要與正常足月兒不同，為早產(chǎn)兒提供營養(yǎng)支持的目的不僅是提高其存活率，而是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性的工程，從其出生后早期住院期間一直持續(xù)到出院后，嬰兒階段乃至青春期，為其長期的健康狀況打下基礎(chǔ)。對早產(chǎn)與低出生體重兒進(jìn)行正確喂養(yǎng)，，是指既要避免必需營養(yǎng)素和條件必需營養(yǎng)素不足造成的發(fā)育不良和長期認(rèn)知行為方面的障礙，又要避免營養(yǎng)過量可能增加成人后患高血壓、高血脂、Ⅱ型糖尿病等代謝性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 母乳是早產(chǎn)兒營養(yǎng)攝入的第一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，早產(chǎn)兒母乳比足月兒母乳更接近早產(chǎn)兒的需求，但是仍然需要強(qiáng)化個(gè)別營養(yǎng)素，同時(shí)需要注意強(qiáng)化劑復(fù)配使用會增加母乳滲透壓等問題。在母乳不足時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇捐贈母乳，再其次需要使用早產(chǎn)兒配方奶粉進(jìn)行喂養(yǎng)，國內(nèi)亟待研發(fā)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的早產(chǎn)兒配方奶粉。 本課題研制的奶粉配方設(shè)計(jì)從蛋白質(zhì)調(diào)配、氨基酸模式、脂肪的調(diào)配、飽和脂肪酸與不飽和脂肪酸的比例、亞油酸含量、亞油酸與亞麻酸比例、碳水化合物的調(diào)配、礦物質(zhì)與維生素的強(qiáng)化等方面進(jìn)行。制備出奶粉后進(jìn)行工業(yè)小試及中試生產(chǎn)，最終完善成為穩(wěn)定的商業(yè)化產(chǎn)品。 本研究以進(jìn)口市售早產(chǎn)兒奶粉作為對照，一方面分析了研制早產(chǎn)與低出生體重兒奶粉的物理化學(xué)特性，包括化學(xué)成分分析，滲透壓測定，氨基酸分析及評分，奶粉的流動(dòng)性和溶解性等內(nèi)容；另一方面，按照GB10767-1997所述進(jìn)行大鼠喂養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，測定這款研制奶粉的蛋白質(zhì)功效比值（protein efficiency ratio, PER）。 綜上所述，此款自主研制的配方奶粉能夠達(dá)到早產(chǎn)與低出生體重兒的營養(yǎng)需要，具有較好的促進(jìn)生長效果，其物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的相應(yīng)要求。
[Abstract]:This subject is a part of the 12th Five-Year Plan of the people's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development for 2011-2015, the National Science and Technology support Plan, "Scientific and technological Engineering for the Development of Modern Dairy Industry". There are about 1 million preterm births and low birth weight infants in China every year. Because premature infants have not yet got the most nutrients needed for growth in their mothers, they do not have enough time to develop and mature, so the tissues and organs are prone to dysfunction. The nutritional needs of healthy preterm infants are different from those of normal full-term infants. Nutritional support for preterm infants is not only designed to improve survival rates, but also a systematic project that lasts from early postnatal hospitalization until discharge. Infancy and adolescence lay the foundation for their long-term health. Proper feeding of preterm and low-birth weight infants means that stunting and long-term cognitive behavioural disorders resulting from both essential and conditional deficiencies in nutrients should be avoided, Avoid overnourishment that may increase the risk of metabolic diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes in adults. Breast milk is the first standard of nutrition intake in premature infants. Breast milk of premature infants is more close to the needs of premature infants than that of full-term infants, but it still needs to strengthen individual nutrients, and pay attention to the problems such as increasing osmotic pressure of breast milk when combined with fortifier. When breast milk is insufficient, we should choose to donate breast milk, and then we should use formula milk to feed premature infants. In our country, it is urgent to develop formula of premature infants with independent intellectual property rights. The formula of milk powder was designed from protein blending, amino acid pattern, fat blending, saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid ratio, linoleic acid content, linoleic acid to linolenic acid ratio, carbohydrate blending. Mineral and vitamin fortified and so on. After preparing milk powder, industrial trial and pilot-scale production were carried out. Finally, it became a stable commercial product. In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of milk powder for premature and low birth weight infants were analyzed, including chemical component analysis, osmotic pressure determination, amino acid analysis and score. On the other hand, according to the experiment of rat feeding mentioned by GB10767-1997, the ratio of protein efficacy and protein efficiency, peroxidase were determined. To sum up, this formula can meet the nutritional needs of premature and low birth weight infants, and has a good effect of promoting growth, and its physical and chemical properties meet the corresponding requirements of the national standard.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TS252.51

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