本文選題：高精度 + 電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)��； 參考：《陜西科技大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)是工業(yè)自動化過程控制中重要的執(zhí)行單元，，主要應(yīng)用于工業(yè)中流體的流量控制。隨著過程工業(yè)對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求的提高，對執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的執(zhí)行精度要求也越來越高，市場需求量也越來越大。為了滿足工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的需要，同時也為了打破國外在這方面的壟斷地位，研制擁有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的高精度電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)勢在必行。為了加快響應(yīng)速度、提高控制精度，本文通過研究電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)動態(tài)特性及控制策略，設(shè)計一種高精度電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)。通過對電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)進行數(shù)學建模分析，并利用MATLAB進行仿真，來對所建數(shù)學模型進行動態(tài)特性和控制性能的分析研究，最后對所建數(shù)學模型進行驗證并對電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)進行調(diào)試。本文的主要工作如下： （1）高精度電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的設(shè)計及主要零部件的選型。通過學習國外和國內(nèi)電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)產(chǎn)品，在其基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)工作原理設(shè)計一種電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)。根據(jù)具體工況要求，對執(zhí)行電機等主要儀器部件進行選型及驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。該電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)設(shè)計有手動機構(gòu)，能夠在電源故障時進行手動調(diào)節(jié)。此外該執(zhí)行機構(gòu)還設(shè)計有角行程限位開關(guān)以及故障報警等安全保護機構(gòu)，以確保生產(chǎn)安全穩(wěn)定的運行。 （2）高精度電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)控制器的設(shè)計。根據(jù)高精度電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的功能要求，以單片機為核心對控制器進行設(shè)計，功能包括液晶顯示、數(shù)據(jù)采集、危險報警等。控制器分為硬件設(shè)計和軟件編程。硬件設(shè)計包括對控制器各部分電路圖的設(shè)計，這些電路圖均在Altium Designer軟件中完成繪制，軟件部分實現(xiàn)是指對主程序及子程序的編程。 （3）高精度電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)數(shù)學模型的建立和性能分析。根據(jù)電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的工作原理，建立電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的動態(tài)數(shù)學模型，包括電機模型、傳動機構(gòu)模型，通過分析各個模型的關(guān)系，推導出系統(tǒng)的傳遞函數(shù)。利用MATLAB仿真繪制Bode圖來分析系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。 （4）電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)機械間隙誤差補償?shù)难芯俊ａ槍C械間隙誤差產(chǎn)生的原因，設(shè)計了一種反向機械間隙軟件補償算法。機械間隙軟件補償?shù)膶崿F(xiàn)，提高了電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的執(zhí)行精度。 （5）高精度電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的調(diào)試。通過選擇調(diào)試所需要的設(shè)備，對電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的各個方面進行調(diào)試，包括零點調(diào)試、行程調(diào)試及開度檢測精度的調(diào)整等。通過對電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的測試來得到數(shù)據(jù)，通過分析電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性，抗干擾性及快速響應(yīng)性能，驗證所建立的數(shù)學模型。經(jīng)過調(diào)試找出電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)存在的問題，提出可行的解決方案。
[Abstract]:Electric actuator is an important execution unit in industrial automation process control, which is mainly used in the flow control of industrial fluid. With the improvement of product quality requirements in the process industry, the executive precision of the executing agencies is becoming more and more high, and the market demand is also increasing. In order to meet the needs of industrial production and to break the monopoly status of foreign countries, it is imperative to develop high-precision electric executive agencies with independent intellectual property rights. In order to speed up the response speed and improve the control accuracy, this paper designs a kind of high precision electric actuator by studying the dynamic characteristics and control strategy of the electric actuator. Through the mathematical modeling and analysis of the electric actuator and the simulation by MATLAB, the dynamic characteristics and control performance of the mathematical model are analyzed and studied. Finally, the mathematical model is verified and the electric actuator is debugged. The main work of this paper is as follows: Design of high-precision electric actuator and selection of main parts. Based on the study of foreign and domestic electric actuator products, an electric actuator is designed according to the working principle of electric actuator. According to the specific working conditions, the main instrument parts such as executive motor are selected and the drive system is designed. The electric actuator is designed with a manual mechanism that can be manually adjusted in the event of power failure. In addition, the actuator also designed corner stroke limit switch and fault alarm to ensure the safe and stable operation of production. Design of high-precision electric actuator controller. According to the functional requirements of high precision electric actuator, the controller is designed with single chip microcomputer as the core. The functions include LCD display, data acquisition, danger alarm and so on. Controller is divided into hardware design and software programming. The hardware design includes the design of the circuit diagram of each part of the controller. These circuit diagrams are all drawn in the Altium Designer software. The realization of the software part refers to the programming of the main program and the subroutine. 3) Establishment of mathematical model and performance analysis of high precision electric actuator. According to the working principle of the electric actuator, the dynamic mathematical model of the electric actuator is established, including the motor model and the transmission mechanism model. The transfer function of the system is derived by analyzing the relationship between each model. The stability of the system is analyzed by using MATLAB simulation to draw Bode diagram. Research on the compensation of Mechanical clearance error of Electric Actuator. Aiming at the cause of mechanical clearance error, a software compensation algorithm of reverse mechanical clearance is designed. The realization of the mechanical gap software compensation improves the precision of the electric actuator. High-precision electric actuator debugging. By selecting the equipment needed for debugging, the various aspects of the electric actuator are debugged, including zero debugging, stroke debugging and adjusting the accuracy of opening detection and so on. The data are obtained by testing the electric actuator, and the mathematical model is verified by analyzing the stability, anti-interference and fast response performance of the electric actuator. After debugging to find out the problems existing in the electric actuator, put forward feasible solutions.
【學位授予單位】：陜西科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP215

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