本文選題：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù) + 中間品進(jìn)口��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的內(nèi)生增長理論認(rèn)為,技術(shù)進(jìn)步是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和增長的主要?jiǎng)恿Α＜夹g(shù)進(jìn)步離不開知識(shí)的積累,在科技是第一生產(chǎn)力的今天,知識(shí)創(chuàng)新和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)已成為全球化知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代非常重要的資源。產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)作為知識(shí)的載體,通過國際貿(mào)易在國家間進(jìn)行流通,一國的知識(shí)創(chuàng)新水平?jīng)Q定了一國在全球生產(chǎn)過程中的生產(chǎn)地位和福利。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對(duì)于一國貿(mào)易水平的提升以及對(duì)外貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型具有不可忽視的重要作用。WTO《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)》(TRIPS)協(xié)定的實(shí)施對(duì)發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和外貿(mào)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了非常重要的影響。TRIPS協(xié)定下發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)該采取何種知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)政策,已成為能否克服技術(shù)困境、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長期增長和外貿(mào)競爭力提升的關(guān)鍵因素。中國是出口戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)向型的發(fā)展中大國,改革開放以來的外貿(mào)快速增長帶來了經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮發(fā)展,2013年中國已超越美國成為世界最大的貨物出口國,同時(shí)也是世界第二大進(jìn)口國。外貿(mào)的發(fā)展對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的驅(qū)動(dòng)作用十分突出。2010年中國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量超越日本,成為全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。隨著運(yùn)輸成本的不斷下降和通訊技術(shù)的發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化不斷加強(qiáng),國際貿(mào)易的本質(zhì)也發(fā)生了很大改變,傳統(tǒng)的出口商品生產(chǎn)只在單一國家完成的情況,已經(jīng)被眾多國家參與、生產(chǎn)任務(wù)分割、全球范圍內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的新型國際生產(chǎn)體系所替代。在全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和TRIPS協(xié)定框架下,研究知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)與外貿(mào)競爭力之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)于制定合理可行的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)策略,更好地促進(jìn)中國外貿(mào)競爭力提升,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長期穩(wěn)定增長,無疑具有重大實(shí)踐意義�，F(xiàn)有研究更多的關(guān)注知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度比較完善的發(fā)達(dá)國家,而對(duì)于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)比較薄弱的發(fā)展中國家的考察相對(duì)較少,尤其是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對(duì)外貿(mào)競爭力影響的研究更少。本文基于全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視角,在內(nèi)生增長理論和新新貿(mào)易理論的分析框架下考察了知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對(duì)中間品進(jìn)口的市場擴(kuò)張效應(yīng)和市場壟斷效應(yīng),通過理論研究和實(shí)證分析,并對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)通過中間品進(jìn)口影響外貿(mào)競爭力的作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行了深入研究。隨著國際生產(chǎn)分工的細(xì)化,傳統(tǒng)的以總值貿(mào)易為口徑的外貿(mào)競爭力評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)存在缺陷,而以增值貿(mào)易為基礎(chǔ)的外貿(mào)競爭力評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)更為科學(xué)合理。傳統(tǒng)的外貿(mào)競爭力是指一個(gè)國家可供貿(mào)易的產(chǎn)品、產(chǎn)業(yè)以及從事貿(mào)易的企業(yè)在向本國開放的外國市場上所具有的開拓市場并獲得利潤的能力。在全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)下,伴隨著中間品貿(mào)易的井噴,全球價(jià)值鏈已構(gòu)成眾多國家參與、生產(chǎn)任務(wù)分割、全球范圍內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的新型國際生產(chǎn)體系。這種新型生產(chǎn)體系決定了一國只參與出口產(chǎn)品某些環(huán)節(jié)的生產(chǎn),獲得這些增值環(huán)節(jié)的貿(mào)易利得。因此傳統(tǒng)外貿(mào)競爭力測算主要采用的顯性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)、顯示性競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)、貿(mào)易專業(yè)化指數(shù)等已不能完全反映全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)下外貿(mào)競爭力。而基于貿(mào)易增加值數(shù)據(jù),從價(jià)值鏈的視角改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)顯性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù),考慮了產(chǎn)品全球生產(chǎn)和分配的事實(shí),利用其來科學(xué)測度一國外貿(mào)競爭力指數(shù),可以更為準(zhǔn)確的反映一國的外貿(mào)競爭力,更加科學(xué)合理�？傮w而言,基于全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的中國外貿(mào)競爭力在逐步提升,但行業(yè)間存在較大差異。制造業(yè)總體的外貿(mào)競爭力在逐步提升,其中勞動(dòng)密集型制造業(yè)具有較強(qiáng)的外貿(mào)競爭力,但呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢;知識(shí)密集型制造業(yè)國際競爭力較低,但呈現(xiàn)明顯的上升趨勢,將是未來制造業(yè)外貿(mào)競爭力提升的主要著力點(diǎn);資本密集型制造業(yè)行業(yè)的外貿(mào)競爭力較為平穩(wěn),仍有待進(jìn)一步挖掘和提升。初級(jí)產(chǎn)業(yè)的外貿(mào)競爭力在逐步下降,表明中國農(nóng)業(yè)和采掘業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率的提升幅度不大,隨著未來產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的逐步加快,初級(jí)產(chǎn)業(yè)的出口比重相對(duì)制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)仍會(huì)逐步下降,其國際競爭力未來一段時(shí)間仍將呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢;服務(wù)業(yè)在國民生產(chǎn)總值中的比重越來越大,但其外貿(mào)競爭力仍不明顯,有待進(jìn)一步提升。基于引力模型通過構(gòu)建知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)與中間品進(jìn)口的理論影響機(jī)制發(fā)現(xiàn):進(jìn)口國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的程度與進(jìn)口國的中間品進(jìn)口流量呈線性關(guān)系,同時(shí)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)中間品進(jìn)口的影響取決于其帶來的“市場擴(kuò)張效應(yīng)”和“市場壟斷效應(yīng)”兩種力量的博弈。中間品進(jìn)口通過中間產(chǎn)品和資本品投入增加效應(yīng)、示范和模仿效應(yīng)和競爭效應(yīng)帶來一定程度的技術(shù)外溢;通過補(bǔ)償渠道和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移渠道提升企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率;通過促進(jìn)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)專業(yè)化和優(yōu)化資源配置來提升生產(chǎn)者福利,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)外貿(mào)競爭力的提升。中國加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對(duì)中間品進(jìn)口貿(mào)易的影響中市場擴(kuò)張效應(yīng)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。利用中國與全球39個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的跨國數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)證發(fā)現(xiàn),知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)(ipp)對(duì)中國中間品進(jìn)口的影響為正,且系數(shù)較大,并在1%的水平下較為顯著,表明中國加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對(duì)中間品進(jìn)口貿(mào)易的諸多影響中,市場擴(kuò)張效應(yīng)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)力度的加強(qiáng),會(huì)帶來越來越多、越來越好的中間品進(jìn)口。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)通過中間品進(jìn)口對(duì)外貿(mào)競爭力具有顯著的正向促進(jìn)作用。根據(jù)行業(yè)層面的數(shù)據(jù)通過回歸模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析的結(jié)果顯示,知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和中間品進(jìn)口交叉項(xiàng)對(duì)外貿(mào)競爭力的回歸系數(shù)為0.32,并且在1%的水平上顯著,表明知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)通過中間品進(jìn)口對(duì)中國外貿(mào)競爭力有顯著的正向影響。通過知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)力度的提高對(duì)我國外貿(mào)競爭力的提升有顯著的促進(jìn)作用。同時(shí),知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對(duì)貿(mào)易的影響存在明顯的行業(yè)特征。具體而言,知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和中間品進(jìn)口對(duì)不同行業(yè)外貿(mào)競爭力的影響是不同的,技術(shù)密集型行業(yè)外貿(mào)競爭力對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和中間品產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口交叉項(xiàng)的反應(yīng)程度最敏感,最小的是勞動(dòng)密集型行業(yè)。本文的主要研究結(jié)論對(duì)于中國以及其他發(fā)展中國家具有很強(qiáng)的政策性啟示。一方面,要逐步提升知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)水平對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度的安排要圍繞本國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平制定相應(yīng)的戰(zhàn)略性知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)政策,與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng),應(yīng)逐步提高知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)水平;建立健全知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)相關(guān)法律法規(guī),強(qiáng)化執(zhí)行力度;應(yīng)注意知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)水平的行業(yè)和地區(qū)差異性。另一方面,強(qiáng)化知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對(duì)中間品進(jìn)口水平的提升,破除中間品進(jìn)口壁壘,促進(jìn)高質(zhì)量、高技術(shù)中間產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口;推動(dòng)人力資本建設(shè),建立知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)預(yù)警機(jī)制,發(fā)揮知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和中間品進(jìn)口的協(xié)同機(jī)制,提升外貿(mào)競爭力。
[Abstract]:According to the traditional endogenous growth theory, technological progress is the main driving force of economic development and growth. Technological progress cannot do without the accumulation of knowledge in science and technology is the first productivity today, knowledge innovation and intellectual property has become a very important resource of knowledge economy era. Products and services as the carrier of knowledge, through international trade circulation in the country, the level of knowledge innovation of a country determines the production status and welfare of a country in the world in the process of production. Intellectual property and intellectual property protection to the level of a country's trade promotion as well as the foreign trade strategy transformation can not be ignored the important role of.WTO< and trade related intellectual property rights "(TRIPS) the implementation of the agreement the agreement under the effect of.TRIPS is very important in developing countries should adopt intellectual property protection policy to the economic growth of developing countries and the development of foreign trade Has become a strategy, can overcome the technical difficulties, a key factor in promoting economic growth and enhance the competitiveness of foreign trade. China is developing country export oriented strategy, since the reform and opening up, the rapid growth of foreign trade has brought economic prosperity, 2013 Chinese beyond United States to become the world's largest exporter of goods, but also the world's second importer. Foreign trade development is very prominent driving effect on economic growth in.2010 China total economy surpassed Japan to become the world's second largest economy. With the development of transport costs continue to decline and communication technology, economic globalization continue to strengthen, the essence of international trade has undergone great changes, the traditional production of export commodities only in one country, has been involved in many countries, the production task division, replaced by the new international production system produced worldwide. In the global production network and under the TRIPS agreement, the study of the relationship between intellectual property protection and trade competitiveness, for the development of intellectual property protection strategy is reasonable and feasible, to better promote Chinese foreign trade competitiveness, promote the long-term and stable economic growth, it undoubtedly has a great practical significance. The existing research in developed countries pay more attention to the protection of intellectual property rights system the study of intellectual property protection for the weak in developing countries is relatively small, especially the protection of intellectual property rights less influence on foreign trade competitiveness. This paper based on the perspective of global production networks, endogenous growth theory and new trade theory analysis under the framework of analyzing the effect of market expansion and market monopoly of intellectual property protection of import for intermediate goods, through theoretical research and empirical analysis, and the protection of intellectual property rights in the intermediate goods The influence mechanism of export trade competitiveness has been studied. With the development of international division of labor, the traditional trade as the evaluation index to the value of the caliber of the foreign trade competitiveness evaluation index defects, the competitiveness of foreign trade in value-added trade as the foundation is more scientific and reasonable. The traditional foreign trade competitiveness refers to a country for trade the ability of product, industry and foreign trade enterprises have to open their own foreign markets to open up the market and gain profit. In the global production network, with the intermediate goods trade blowout, the global value chain has been formed in many countries to participate in the production task, segmentation, new international production system produced worldwide the new production system determines a country only in some segments of the production of export products, these value-added trade profits. So the traditional foreign trade competitive power The main measure of dominant comparative advantage index, revealed competitive advantage index, trade specialization index has not fully reflect the foreign trade competitiveness in the global production network. Based on the added value of trade data, improve the traditional dominant comparative advantage index from the perspective of the value chain, the global production and distribution of facts, using the index of foreign trade to scientifically measure the competitiveness of a country, it can more accurately reflect a country's foreign trade competitiveness, more scientific and reasonable. Overall, the competitiveness of China foreign trade based on the global production network is gradually improving, but there is a big difference between industries. The overall manufacturing trade competitiveness is gradually improving, the labor-intensive manufacturing industry has a strong foreign trade competitiveness, but showed a downward trend; knowledge intensive manufacturing industry international competitiveness is low, but showed a clear upward trend, the future will be made The main points of improving the competitiveness of foreign trade industry; capital intensive manufacturing industry foreign trade competitiveness is relatively stable, still need further exploration and improvement of the primary industry. The foreign trade competitiveness in a gradual decline, showed that increasing the amplitude Chinese agriculture and mining industry productivity, with the future of the upgrading of industrial structure gradually accelerated, the proportion of exports of primary industry relative to the manufacturing and service industries will gradually decline, the international competitiveness of the next period of time will still show a downward trend; the proportion of service industry in GDP is growing, but its trade competitiveness is still not clear, needs to be further improved. The gravity model by constructing the theory of intellectual property protection mechanism and effect of imported intermediate goods based on the import of intermediate goods traffic: there is a linear relationship between the degree of protection of intellectual property rights in the importing country and the importing country, while protecting intellectual property The import of intermediate goods depends on the influence of the "market expansion effect" and "market effect" of the two forces of the game. The intermediate goods imports of intermediate products and capital goods investment increase effect, demonstration and imitation effect and competition effect brought a certain degree of technology spillover; through compensation channels and channels to promote technology transfer the productivity of the enterprise; through the promotion of enterprise production specialization and optimize the allocation of resources to enhance the producer welfare, and promote foreign trade competitiveness. China strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights trade imports of intermediate goods affect the expansion effect in the market dominant position. By using the empirical data of transnational Chinese and 39 countries and regions in the world, intellectual property rights the protection effect of intermediate (IPP) Chinese import is positive, and the coefficient is larger, and the 1% level is significant, that Chinese strengthen intellectual property The protection of the right to influence import of trade in intermediate goods, market expansion effect occupies the dominant position, strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, will bring more and more, more and more intermediate goods imports. The protection of intellectual property rights has a significant positive effect on the competitiveness of foreign trade through the import of intermediate goods. According to industry level data through regression model the empirical analysis shows that, the import of intellectual property protection and intermediate goods cross terms on foreign trade competitiveness and the regression coefficient was 0.32, statistically significant at the 1% level, that the protection of intellectual property rights through the import of intermediate goods has significant positive impact on foreign trade competitiveness. China has a significant role in promoting the protection of intellectual property rights to improve the foreign trade competitiveness of our country. At the same time, effect of intellectual property protection on trade has obvious characteristics of the industry. Specifically, intellectual property rights Effect of protection and the import of intermediate goods trade competitiveness of different industries is different, the most sensitive technology intensive industry trade competitiveness of the degree of response to the protection of intellectual property rights and intermediate goods imports cross terms, the smallest is labor-intensive industries. The main research conclusions for Chinese and other development China furniture policy enlightenment very strong. On the one hand, to gradually improve the design level of intellectual property protection on intellectual property rights protection system to establish strategic policies for intellectual property protection on their level of economic development, adapt to the level of economic development, should gradually increase the level of protection of intellectual property rights; establish and perfect the relevant laws and regulations of intellectual property rights, strengthen enforcement should be; note the difference in the level of intellectual property protection industries and regions. On the other hand, strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of intermediate goods into slobber flat We should promote the elimination of import barriers to intermediate products, promote the import of high quality and high technology intermediate products, promote the construction of human capital, set up an early warning mechanism for intellectual property rights, bring into play the synergy mechanism of intellectual property protection and import of intermediate goods, and enhance the competitiveness of foreign trade.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F752;F273.1

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 代中強(qiáng);梁俊偉;孫琪;;知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口技術(shù)復(fù)雜度[J];財(cái)貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì);2015年07期

2 賈凈雪;;我國中間品進(jìn)口結(jié)構(gòu)及其行業(yè)增長效應(yīng)研究[J];國際貿(mào)易問題;2015年05期

3 李莉;閆斌;顧春霞;;知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、信息不對(duì)稱與高科技企業(yè)資本結(jié)構(gòu)[J];管理世界;2014年11期

4 席艷樂;胡強(qiáng);;企業(yè)異質(zhì)性、中間品進(jìn)口與出口績效——基于中國企業(yè)微觀數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)證研究[J];產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2014年05期

5 郭小東;吳宗書;;創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)品出口、模仿威脅與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(季刊);2014年03期

6 馬凌遠(yuǎn);;知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)與中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口增長[J];科學(xué)學(xué)研究;2014年03期

7 史宇鵬;顧全林;;知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、異質(zhì)性企業(yè)與創(chuàng)新:來自中國制造業(yè)的證據(jù)[J];金融研究;2013年08期

8 姚海棠;方曉麗;;金磚五國服務(wù)部門競爭力及影響因素實(shí)證分析[J];國際貿(mào)易問題;2013年02期

9 蔣美娟;孫致陸;丁麗娜;肖海峰;;中國羊絨產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力及影響因素研究[J];農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化研究;2013年01期

10 鄭亞莉;宋慧;;中國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)對(duì)高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力影響的實(shí)證研究[J];中國軟科學(xué);2012年02期

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