本文選題：采棉機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：除雜系統(tǒng)　出處：《石河子大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：新疆是我國(guó)最大的商品棉生產(chǎn)基地，也是全國(guó)唯一的長(zhǎng)絨棉生產(chǎn)基地。棉花的種植面積和產(chǎn)量連續(xù)多年位居全國(guó)首位，棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為新疆的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，對(duì)新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展有著至關(guān)重要的作用，棉花收獲機(jī)械化是實(shí)現(xiàn)棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的必由之路。研制具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的采棉機(jī)，不僅從技術(shù)上打破國(guó)外的壟斷，價(jià)格也較國(guó)外的采棉機(jī)低，這有利于該機(jī)在國(guó)內(nèi)的推廣和廣泛應(yīng)用。統(tǒng)收式采棉機(jī)就是其中的代表，它具有較高的采凈率，但是所采摘的棉花含雜率高，針對(duì)這一情況本課題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法，對(duì)除雜系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究設(shè)計(jì)。 （1）本文分析了棉花清雜系統(tǒng)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，明確了現(xiàn)有清雜系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理，提出了本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究目標(biāo)；接著從研究棉花的收獲方式及特點(diǎn)入手，分析了雜質(zhì)的形成機(jī)理與分離條件，進(jìn)而研究雜質(zhì)的分離原理與方法，結(jié)合統(tǒng)收式采棉機(jī)自身的特點(diǎn)，采用機(jī)械與氣力相結(jié)合的除雜方式，最終完成了除雜系統(tǒng)的總體方案設(shè)計(jì)。 （2）為了研究棉花與雜質(zhì)的分離條件，從棉花的農(nóng)藝特性入手，進(jìn)而測(cè)定采摘物中各成分的物理特性，包括棉桃質(zhì)量、棉殼質(zhì)量、單鈴棉花質(zhì)量、棉桿質(zhì)量以及棉花含水率和采摘物中各成分的密度等，測(cè)定這些參數(shù)是為了估算物料在氣流中的懸浮速度；對(duì)物料在輸送管道中的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行分析，運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)分析方法，建立物料在輸送管道中的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度與運(yùn)行時(shí)間的函數(shù)關(guān)系，為研究物料在輸送管道中的運(yùn)動(dòng)及對(duì)輸送管道的設(shè)計(jì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 （3）確定了風(fēng)送系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)參數(shù)，，包括物料輸送量、輸送風(fēng)量大小、物料在輸送過(guò)程中的壓力損失及輸送管道的曲率半徑等，最終確定風(fēng)機(jī)的型號(hào)，完成氣力輸送系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。 （4）依照機(jī)械除雜系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)原則和技術(shù)要求，結(jié)合采棉機(jī)自身的特點(diǎn)，選擇六棍清雜機(jī)構(gòu)并完成了主要零部件的設(shè)計(jì)和相關(guān)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化；利用Adams軟件對(duì)滾筒受不同作用力時(shí)的振動(dòng)情況進(jìn)行了分析，分析了棉花在不同滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速下的速度、位移、加速度，確定了滾筒的最優(yōu)轉(zhuǎn)速范圍為300-450r/min；滾筒采用液壓元件驅(qū)動(dòng)，克服了機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的缺點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速的實(shí)時(shí)控制，最后完成了統(tǒng)收式采棉機(jī)除雜系統(tǒng)的三維建模。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is the largest commercial cotton production base in China and the only long staple cotton production base in China. Cotton planting area and output have been ranked first in the country for many years, and cotton industry has become a pillar industry in Xinjiang. The mechanization of cotton harvesting is the only way to realize the development of cotton industrialization. The development of cotton pickers with independent intellectual property rights not only breaks the monopoly of foreign countries technically, but also plays an important role in the economic development of Xinjiang. The price is also lower than that of foreign cotton pickers, which is conducive to the popularization and wide application of this machine in China. In view of this situation, this subject applies the modern design method, carries on the research and design to the impurity removal system. 1) this paper analyzes the present research situation of cotton cleaning system at home and abroad, clarifies the structure and working principle of the existing cleaning system, puts forward the research content and research goal of this paper, and then begins with the research of cotton harvest mode and characteristics. The formation mechanism and separation condition of impurity are analyzed, and the separation principle and method of impurity are studied. Finally, the overall scheme design of the impurity removal system is completed. In order to study the separation conditions between cotton and impurities, the physical properties of the components in picking matter, including the weight of cotton peach, the weight of cotton shell and the weight of cotton per boll, were determined from the agronomic characteristics of cotton. The cotton stem mass, cotton moisture content and the density of each component in the picking matter are measured to estimate the suspension velocity of the material in the airflow, the movement characteristics of the material in the conveying pipeline are analyzed, and the mathematical analysis method is used. The function relationship between the moving speed and the running time of the material in the pipeline is established, which lays a foundation for the study of the movement of the material in the pipeline and the design of the pipeline. The relevant parameters of the air conveying system are determined, including the quantity of material conveying, the size of the air volume, the pressure loss of the material in the conveying process and the curvature radius of the conveying pipeline, etc. Finally, the model of the fan is determined and the design of the pneumatic conveying system is completed. 4) according to the design principle and technical requirement of mechanical impurity removal system, combined with the characteristics of cotton picker, the six-bar cleaning mechanism is selected, and the design of main parts and the optimization of related parameters are completed. The vibration of the drum subjected to different forces is analyzed by using Adams software. The speed, displacement and acceleration of cotton under different rotational speeds are analyzed. The optimum rotational speed range of the drum is determined to be 300-450 r / min, and the cylinder is driven by hydraulic components. It overcomes the shortcomings of mechanical transmission, realizes the real-time control of drum speed, and finally completes the 3D modeling of the integrated cotton harvester's impurity removal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：S225.911

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