本文選題：民族植物學　切入點：藥用民族植物學　出處：《山東大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：民族植物學(Ethnobotany)是研究不同民族的人們在其特定的社會、文化背景下,如何利用當?shù)刂参锏囊婚T科學。民族植物學是一門涉及多學科的科學。從原始地對植物利用情況的記錄開始,民族植物學已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了萌芽和奠基階段、形成階段、發(fā)展階段和成熟階段四個階段,現(xiàn)代民族植物學的概念已經(jīng)完全確立；而在研究方法上,除了原有的定性研究不斷發(fā)展以外,定量研究方法等也不斷地得到創(chuàng)立并植入民族植物學的研究中。民族植物學研究目前所面臨的問題是,民族傳統(tǒng)知識和經(jīng)驗隨著前輩們的衰老和死亡急劇“退化”,在全球植物物種逐漸減少和滅絕的趨勢下,民族植物學研究已具有相當?shù)募逼刃浴Ｆ渲兴幱妹褡逯参飳W(Medical Ethnobotany)是民族植物學的重要組成部分,是研究傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥體系中植物藥的一門科學,它涉及到植物藥的種類鑒定、傳統(tǒng)分類、編目,以及活性成分的分離提取、藥理學研究等學科。 本文通過文獻研究對新西蘭藥用民族植物學發(fā)展概況進行了描述,其中包括對新西蘭民族植物學發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀的研究,以及對新西蘭主要藥用植物的種類和用途等信息進行了總結；此外,還將新西蘭的民族植物學研究與中國的進行對比,突出了各自的特點并為中國的相關研究提供了參考。另外,本文簡單介紹了新西蘭在生物多樣性保護方面做出的努力和保護現(xiàn)狀,并對新西蘭藥用民族植物學發(fā)展進行了展望。 新西蘭與其他大陸隔絕,其地理環(huán)境的復雜與獨特也導致其生物類群的獨特性。從十八世紀開始,就陸續(xù)有西方探險家來到新西蘭并記錄了若干當?shù)氐膭又参锏氖褂们闆r；但同時西方人的進入也導致了毛利人傳統(tǒng)宗教和社會模式的毀壞。此外,引進大型的哺乳動物直接威脅到了本地的食物網(wǎng),外來的入侵植物也給本地植物帶來了威脅。因此,新西蘭外來人口遷入的過程就是其原本的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)逐漸被破壞的過程,其獨特的動植物資源很多都還在未被發(fā)現(xiàn)或研究時就已經(jīng)消失,還有相當一部分正在受到威脅或瀕臨滅絕,這反映了新西蘭民族植物學研究的必要性和緊迫性。 新西蘭現(xiàn)代的民族植物學研究主要包括不同地區(qū)對植物的使用,以及每種植物具體的使用方式兩個方面。新西蘭當代民族植物學,尤其是藥用民族植物學,與我國傳統(tǒng)草藥使用的歷史、現(xiàn)狀以及未來的發(fā)展有著重要的共同點。在現(xiàn)代,這些體系均在西方文化的影響下都受到了極大的懷疑和挑戰(zhàn)。面對這樣的現(xiàn)狀,新西蘭人對Rongoa傳統(tǒng)的傳承方式進行了竭力的保護和延續(xù),并對毛利人所擁有的民族植物學知識的知識產權歸屬問題進行了充分的考量；此外,新西蘭的民族植物學研究都采用了與毛利社群緊密合作的方式,保證了其研究能夠充分、透徹,并反映毛利人本身的觀點。我國在傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥使用的延續(xù)以及民族植物學保護可以從這些方面得到很大的啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:Ethnobotany (ethnobotany) is the study of people of different nationalities in their specific social and cultural backgrounds. How to make use of a science of local plants. Ethnobotany is a science involving many disciplines. From the record of the utilization of plants in the original land, ethnobotany has gone through the stage of germination and foundation, forming stage. In the four stages of development and maturity, the concept of modern ethnobotany has been fully established. In terms of research methods, in addition to the continuous development of the original qualitative research, Quantitative research methods have also been continuously established and embedded in ethnobotany research. The problems faced by ethnobotany research at present are, National traditional knowledge and experience have been rapidly "degraded" by the aging and death of older generations, in the context of the global decline and extinction of plant species, Medical ethnobotany is an important part of ethnobotany, and it is a kind of science to study the traditional medicine system, which involves the identification of the species of phytopathics, which is an important part of ethnobotany, and is an important part of ethnobotany, which is an important part of ethnobotany, which is involved in the identification of the species of phytopathics. Traditional classification, cataloguing, separation and extraction of active components, pharmacological research and so on. This paper describes the development of medicinal ethnobotany in New Zealand, including the development history and present situation of ethnobotany in New Zealand. In addition, the ethnobotanical studies in New Zealand are compared with those in China. In addition, this paper briefly introduces New Zealand's efforts in biodiversity conservation and the status quo of conservation, and prospects the development of New Zealand medicinal ethnobotany. New Zealand is isolated from other continents, and the complexity and uniqueness of its geographical environment also lead to the uniqueness of its biota. Since 18th century, Western explorers have come to New Zealand and recorded the use of a number of local animals and plants; But at the same time, the entry of Westerners also led to the destruction of Maori traditional religious and social models. In addition, the introduction of large mammals directly threatened the local food web, and foreign invasive plants posed a threat to native plants. The process of migration is the gradual destruction of its original ecosystem, and many of its unique animal and plant resources have disappeared before they have been discovered or studied. A significant number are threatened or endangered, reflecting the necessity and urgency of ethnobotany research in New Zealand. The modern ethnobotany research in New Zealand mainly includes two aspects: the use of plants in different regions and the specific use of each plant. Contemporary ethnobotany in New Zealand, especially medicinal ethnobotany, There are important things in common with the history, current situation and future development of traditional herbal medicine in our country. In modern times, these systems are all subject to great suspicion and challenge under the influence of western culture. The New Zealanders have made great efforts to protect and perpetuate the traditional way of Rongoa, and have given due consideration to the ownership of intellectual property rights of the ethnobotanical knowledge held by Maori; in addition, Ethnobotanical research in New Zealand has been conducted in close collaboration with the Maori community, ensuring that its research is adequate and thorough. The continuation of traditional medicine and the protection of ethnobotany in China can be greatly inspired from these aspects.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R282.71

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本文編號：1634387