本文選題：民族植物學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：藥用民族植物學(xué)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：民族植物學(xué)(Ethnobotany)是研究不同民族的人們?cè)谄涮囟ǖ纳鐣?huì)、文化背景下,如何利用當(dāng)?shù)刂参锏囊婚T科學(xué)。民族植物學(xué)是一門涉及多學(xué)科的科學(xué)。從原始地對(duì)植物利用情況的記錄開始,民族植物學(xué)已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了萌芽和奠基階段、形成階段、發(fā)展階段和成熟階段四個(gè)階段,現(xiàn)代民族植物學(xué)的概念已經(jīng)完全確立；而在研究方法上,除了原有的定性研究不斷發(fā)展以外,定量研究方法等也不斷地得到創(chuàng)立并植入民族植物學(xué)的研究中。民族植物學(xué)研究目前所面臨的問題是,民族傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)隨著前輩們的衰老和死亡急劇“退化”,在全球植物物種逐漸減少和滅絕的趨勢(shì)下,民族植物學(xué)研究已具有相當(dāng)?shù)募逼刃�。其中藥用民族植物學(xué)(Medical Ethnobotany)是民族植物學(xué)的重要組成部分,是研究傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥體系中植物藥的一門科學(xué),它涉及到植物藥的種類鑒定、傳統(tǒng)分類、編目,以及活性成分的分離提取、藥理學(xué)研究等學(xué)科。 本文通過文獻(xiàn)研究對(duì)新西蘭藥用民族植物學(xué)發(fā)展概況進(jìn)行了描述,其中包括對(duì)新西蘭民族植物學(xué)發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀的研究,以及對(duì)新西蘭主要藥用植物的種類和用途等信息進(jìn)行了總結(jié)；此外,還將新西蘭的民族植物學(xué)研究與中國(guó)的進(jìn)行對(duì)比,突出了各自的特點(diǎn)并為中國(guó)的相關(guān)研究提供了參考。另外,本文簡(jiǎn)單介紹了新西蘭在生物多樣性保護(hù)方面做出的努力和保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀,并對(duì)新西蘭藥用民族植物學(xué)發(fā)展進(jìn)行了展望。 新西蘭與其他大陸隔絕,其地理環(huán)境的復(fù)雜與獨(dú)特也導(dǎo)致其生物類群的獨(dú)特性。從十八世紀(jì)開始,就陸續(xù)有西方探險(xiǎn)家來到新西蘭并記錄了若干當(dāng)?shù)氐膭?dòng)植物的使用情況；但同時(shí)西方人的進(jìn)入也導(dǎo)致了毛利人傳統(tǒng)宗教和社會(huì)模式的毀壞。此外,引進(jìn)大型的哺乳動(dòng)物直接威脅到了本地的食物網(wǎng),外來的入侵植物也給本地植物帶來了威脅。因此,新西蘭外來人口遷入的過程就是其原本的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)逐漸被破壞的過程,其獨(dú)特的動(dòng)植物資源很多都還在未被發(fā)現(xiàn)或研究時(shí)就已經(jīng)消失,還有相當(dāng)一部分正在受到威脅或?yàn)l臨滅絕,這反映了新西蘭民族植物學(xué)研究的必要性和緊迫性。 新西蘭現(xiàn)代的民族植物學(xué)研究主要包括不同地區(qū)對(duì)植物的使用,以及每種植物具體的使用方式兩個(gè)方面。新西蘭當(dāng)代民族植物學(xué),尤其是藥用民族植物學(xué),與我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)草藥使用的歷史、現(xiàn)狀以及未來的發(fā)展有著重要的共同點(diǎn)。在現(xiàn)代,這些體系均在西方文化的影響下都受到了極大的懷疑和挑戰(zhàn)。面對(duì)這樣的現(xiàn)狀,新西蘭人對(duì)Rongoa傳統(tǒng)的傳承方式進(jìn)行了竭力的保護(hù)和延續(xù),并對(duì)毛利人所擁有的民族植物學(xué)知識(shí)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬問題進(jìn)行了充分的考量；此外,新西蘭的民族植物學(xué)研究都采用了與毛利社群緊密合作的方式,保證了其研究能夠充分、透徹,并反映毛利人本身的觀點(diǎn)。我國(guó)在傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥使用的延續(xù)以及民族植物學(xué)保護(hù)可以從這些方面得到很大的啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:Ethnobotany (ethnobotany) is the study of people of different nationalities in their specific social and cultural backgrounds. How to make use of a science of local plants. Ethnobotany is a science involving many disciplines. From the record of the utilization of plants in the original land, ethnobotany has gone through the stage of germination and foundation, forming stage. In the four stages of development and maturity, the concept of modern ethnobotany has been fully established. In terms of research methods, in addition to the continuous development of the original qualitative research, Quantitative research methods have also been continuously established and embedded in ethnobotany research. The problems faced by ethnobotany research at present are, National traditional knowledge and experience have been rapidly "degraded" by the aging and death of older generations, in the context of the global decline and extinction of plant species, Medical ethnobotany is an important part of ethnobotany, and it is a kind of science to study the traditional medicine system, which involves the identification of the species of phytopathics, which is an important part of ethnobotany, and is an important part of ethnobotany, which is an important part of ethnobotany, which is involved in the identification of the species of phytopathics. Traditional classification, cataloguing, separation and extraction of active components, pharmacological research and so on. This paper describes the development of medicinal ethnobotany in New Zealand, including the development history and present situation of ethnobotany in New Zealand. In addition, the ethnobotanical studies in New Zealand are compared with those in China. In addition, this paper briefly introduces New Zealand's efforts in biodiversity conservation and the status quo of conservation, and prospects the development of New Zealand medicinal ethnobotany. New Zealand is isolated from other continents, and the complexity and uniqueness of its geographical environment also lead to the uniqueness of its biota. Since 18th century, Western explorers have come to New Zealand and recorded the use of a number of local animals and plants; But at the same time, the entry of Westerners also led to the destruction of Maori traditional religious and social models. In addition, the introduction of large mammals directly threatened the local food web, and foreign invasive plants posed a threat to native plants. The process of migration is the gradual destruction of its original ecosystem, and many of its unique animal and plant resources have disappeared before they have been discovered or studied. A significant number are threatened or endangered, reflecting the necessity and urgency of ethnobotany research in New Zealand. The modern ethnobotany research in New Zealand mainly includes two aspects: the use of plants in different regions and the specific use of each plant. Contemporary ethnobotany in New Zealand, especially medicinal ethnobotany, There are important things in common with the history, current situation and future development of traditional herbal medicine in our country. In modern times, these systems are all subject to great suspicion and challenge under the influence of western culture. The New Zealanders have made great efforts to protect and perpetuate the traditional way of Rongoa, and have given due consideration to the ownership of intellectual property rights of the ethnobotanical knowledge held by Maori; in addition, Ethnobotanical research in New Zealand has been conducted in close collaboration with the Maori community, ensuring that its research is adequate and thorough. The continuation of traditional medicine and the protection of ethnobotany in China can be greatly inspired from these aspects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R282.71

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 裴盛基;民族植物學(xué)在民族民間醫(yī)藥研究中的應(yīng)用[J];中國(guó)民族民間醫(yī)藥雜志;2000年06期

2 羅浩;王光磊;;中醫(yī)藥的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題與發(fā)展對(duì)策芻議[J];南方醫(yī)學(xué)教育;2011年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：1634387