本文選題：汽車報(bào)廢　切入點(diǎn)：回收利用　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)，伴隨著我國(guó)汽車保有量的不斷增長(zhǎng)，報(bào)廢汽車的數(shù)量也急劇激增。一方面，報(bào)廢汽車隨意處置將造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染與破壞；另一方面，汽車報(bào)廢僅是其作為交通工具的使用價(jià)值喪失，但報(bào)廢汽車當(dāng)中所蘊(yùn)含的大量再生資源完全可以通過(guò)有效的資源回收渠道與方式重新投入社會(huì)生產(chǎn)當(dāng)中。從應(yīng)然層面來(lái)講，法律的制度性約束對(duì)于建立一套合理高效的汽車報(bào)廢回收利用體系、解決報(bào)廢汽車無(wú)序處置所引發(fā)的環(huán)境污染與資源浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題具有重要的意義。但目前我國(guó)以《報(bào)廢汽車回收管理辦法》為核心的、規(guī)范報(bào)廢汽車回收處置的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)普遍制定時(shí)間較早且存在較大的制度漏洞，對(duì)于實(shí)踐當(dāng)中報(bào)廢汽車回收及再利用責(zé)任主體缺失、行政監(jiān)管乏力、再利用模式滯后等具體問(wèn)題的解決缺乏有效的制度保障，成為掣肘報(bào)廢汽車資源化回收利用問(wèn)題的一大瓶頸。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題，本文主要從以下四個(gè)部分進(jìn)行具體論述： 第一部分通過(guò)理論與實(shí)踐兩個(gè)維度對(duì)完善報(bào)廢汽車回收利用法律制度的正當(dāng)性與必要性進(jìn)行分析，其中所論及的“循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論”與“產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)向型環(huán)境政策理論”所體現(xiàn)的思想貫穿于文章整體，是指引和完善相關(guān)法律制度的理論基石。 第二部分?jǐn)X取域外國(guó)家和地區(qū)的先進(jìn)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)，通過(guò)對(duì)歐盟、日本以及我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)相關(guān)法律內(nèi)容及典型制度分析，抽象得出延伸生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任、加強(qiáng)行業(yè)行政監(jiān)管以及建立合理的激勵(lì)機(jī)制是解決汽車報(bào)廢回收利用問(wèn)題的有效途徑。 第三部分著重對(duì)目前我國(guó)汽車報(bào)廢回收利用法律法規(guī)的立法沿革及法律運(yùn)行中具體制度進(jìn)行梳理與檢視，通過(guò)對(duì)目前法律運(yùn)行的實(shí)際效果剖析得出我國(guó)汽車報(bào)廢回收利用法律存在的主要制度困境，即汽車生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任承擔(dān)制度缺失、行業(yè)行政監(jiān)管制度失范、汽車零部件再制造制度滯后以及經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)制度不足等。具體而言，汽車生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任承擔(dān)不足主要表現(xiàn)為生產(chǎn)者源頭預(yù)防責(zé)任的缺失以及生產(chǎn)者的實(shí)際回收責(zé)任承擔(dān)不足兩個(gè)方面；行政監(jiān)管制度失范主要表現(xiàn)為不同監(jiān)管主體之間缺乏有效的溝通協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制以及國(guó)家對(duì)汽車回收處理企業(yè)的監(jiān)管缺乏相應(yīng)的信息技術(shù)保障等具體的監(jiān)管漏洞；汽車零部件再制造制度滯后主要包括再制造毛坯原料來(lái)源受限,以及再制造行為的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律屬性界定模糊等具體的制度缺陷；經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)制度不足主要是國(guó)家對(duì)于報(bào)廢汽車車主和報(bào)廢汽車回收處理企業(yè)等不同主體的經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)缺失導(dǎo)致實(shí)踐中報(bào)廢汽車回收處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行不暢。 第四部分是整篇文章的核心，旨在通過(guò)對(duì)上述三個(gè)部分論述的基礎(chǔ)上探索出我國(guó)汽車報(bào)廢回收利用法律制度完善的具體進(jìn)路，包括落實(shí)生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度、回收處理行業(yè)監(jiān)管制度的重構(gòu)、大力推行零部件再制造制度以及建立回收處理基金制度等。首先，生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度的落實(shí)主要通過(guò)完善市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度及構(gòu)建符合我國(guó)具體國(guó)情的回收模式等具體措施的施行來(lái)落實(shí)生產(chǎn)者的預(yù)防責(zé)任、回收責(zé)任、經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任及信息責(zé)任；其次，，行業(yè)監(jiān)管制度的完善主要從部際聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度、信息化的監(jiān)管制度以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查制度的完善等方面對(duì)行業(yè)監(jiān)管進(jìn)行制度與技術(shù)層面的綜合考量；再次，報(bào)廢汽車零部件再制造制度的推進(jìn)主要包括發(fā)展報(bào)廢汽車零部件“以舊換再”制度以及完善再制造零部件專利權(quán)授權(quán)許可制度等；最后，回收處理基金制度主要通過(guò)報(bào)廢汽車回收處理基金的來(lái)源及繳納方式、基金的運(yùn)營(yíng)及監(jiān)督管理、基金的用途及功能等進(jìn)行分析，以期通過(guò)回收處理基金制度促進(jìn)報(bào)廢汽車回收處理體系整體的順利運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:In recent years, along with China's car ownership is growing, the number of scrapped cars also surged sharply. On the one hand, at the disposal of scrap cars will cause serious environmental pollution and destruction; on the other hand, is the only car scrapping for transportation use value loss, but a large number of recycling scrap cars which contains can through recycling channels and effective way to re-enter the social production. From theoretical perspective, the legal system restriction for the establishment of a reasonable and efficient automobile scrap recycling system, plays an important role in solution of environmental pollution and waste of resources is caused by the disorder of disposal of scrapped automobiles. But at present in our country in "the measures on the administration of scrap car recycling as the core, related laws and regulations to regulate the disposal of scrapped cars generally established earlier and there is a big system. Practice for loopholes, scrap auto recycling and reuse of the lack of responsibility, administrative supervision, lack of an effective system of protection reuse mode lag problem specific constraints become a major bottleneck, scrap car recycling resource utilization problem. Aiming at the above problems, this paper mainly discusses from the following four parts:
The first part through the analysis of two dimensions to improve the scrap car recycling legal system of the legitimacy and necessity of theory and practice, which deals with the "circular economy theory" and "product oriented environmental policy theory" embodies the ideas throughout the whole theoretical foundation to guide and improve the relevant legal system.
The second part from foreign countries and regions of the advanced legislative experience, through the analysis of the EU, Japan and Taiwan of China related legal content and typical system, the abstract that extended producer responsibility, strengthen industry supervision administration and the establishment of a reasonable incentive mechanism is an effective way to solve the problem of the automobile scrap recycling.
The third part focuses on the present our country automobile recycling system specific legislative history and legal laws and regulations in operation by combing with the view, the main system of the present predicament of actual effect of the operation of legal analysis of China's automobile scrap recycling law, namely the automobile producers responsibility system deficiencies, the industry administrative supervision system anomie auto parts remanufacturing system, lag and lack of economic incentive system. Specifically, the automobile producer liability mainly for the actual recovery of lack of responsibility and responsibility of the producers to prevent producers bear two deficiencies; administrative supervision system anomie mainly for the different regulatory body between the lack of effective communication and coordination mechanisms and countries specific to the automotive recycling enterprises lack of information technology security corresponding etc. Regulatory loopholes; auto parts remanufacturing system lag mainly includes remanufacture limited sources of raw materials, as well as intellectual property legal attribute of remanufacturing behavior defined fuzzy system defect specific economic incentive system; lack of state is mainly for scrap vehicle owners and scrap car recycling enterprises and other economic incentives lack of different subjects in practice scrap the Automotive Recycling network operation is not smooth.
The fourth part is the core of the paper, through the basis of the above three parts on the exploration of China's automobile scrap recycling specific ways to perfect law system, including the implementation of extended producer responsibility system, recovery reconstruction processing industry regulatory system, vigorously promote remanufacturing system and establish a recycling fund system first. The implementation of extended producer responsibility system, mainly through the improvement of market access system and the construction of recycling mode and other specific measures in accordance with the specific conditions of China's implementation of the producer responsibility to implement the prevention and recovery of responsibility, economic responsibility and information responsibility; secondly, improve the industry supervision system mainly from the inter ministerial joint conference system, information system and supervision the on-site inspection system and other aspects of comprehensive consideration of system and technical level of industry regulation; thirdly, newspaper The system of auto parts remanufacturing waste scrap auto parts including the development of promoting the "older" system and improve the parts remanufacturing patent license system; finally, recycling fund system mainly through the source of scrap automobile recycling and disposal of funds to pay the way, operation and supervision of funds, fund use and function to analyze, in order to promote the end-of-life vehicle recycling system overall smooth running through the recycling fund system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.471;F713.2;D922.294

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本文編號(hào)：1598924