本文關(guān)鍵詞： 冗余PLC 可靠性 分級(jí)心跳檢測(cè) 數(shù)據(jù)同步　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前，煤炭資源在我國(guó)一次性能源消費(fèi)中所占的比例高于70%，并且煤炭消耗每年持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)將近2億多噸。導(dǎo)致污染物排放量持續(xù)上漲，因此造成的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。加快發(fā)展可再生能源、調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)我國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略具有重大意義。風(fēng)能作為一種可再生能源具有安全可靠、綠色環(huán)保的特點(diǎn)，必然成為新能源的首選。然而，目前我國(guó)風(fēng)電行業(yè)，，MW級(jí)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的PLC控制器關(guān)鍵技術(shù)缺失，高度依賴進(jìn)口，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致風(fēng)機(jī)整機(jī)的生產(chǎn)價(jià)格居高不下。因此，研發(fā)一套擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)且具有較高可靠度的PLC控制器，對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)風(fēng)機(jī)的國(guó)產(chǎn)化率，提高風(fēng)機(jī)質(zhì)量，降低整機(jī)成本都具有十分重要的意義。 本文結(jié)合“MW級(jí)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組PLC控制系統(tǒng)國(guó)產(chǎn)化”項(xiàng)目的部分研究?jī)?nèi)容，針對(duì)PLC工作環(huán)境復(fù)雜而又要求高可靠度的特點(diǎn)，提出了一種基于雙處理器的PLC冗余架構(gòu)。通過(guò)主/備CPU模塊的協(xié)處理器傳輸同步數(shù)據(jù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)主/備PLC之間的狀態(tài)同步。當(dāng)主控PLC出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，熱備PLC能夠快速接管主控權(quán)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)不停機(jī)連續(xù)運(yùn)行。 本文深入研究可靠性的有關(guān)理論，比較不同冗余容錯(cuò)方式對(duì)于提高PLC可靠性的效率，計(jì)算出適用的PLC冗余方式。在分析傳統(tǒng)的硬件功能診斷與軟件功能診斷方法的基礎(chǔ)上，提出自頂向下的故障診斷方法，即對(duì)故障模塊采取分級(jí)心跳檢測(cè)機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)故障的準(zhǔn)確定位。改進(jìn)的心跳檢測(cè)法通過(guò)PUSH與PULL結(jié)合的策略，能夠有效降低故障的誤判率，在保證故障診斷的高可靠性與實(shí)時(shí)性的同時(shí)又可以避免過(guò)大的通信開銷。 本文還設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)主/備PLC之間的數(shù)據(jù)同步。在研究傳統(tǒng)冗余PLC的間接式同步法與直接式同步法的基礎(chǔ)上，提出一種監(jiān)測(cè)式數(shù)據(jù)同步方法。該方法中，主控PLC通過(guò)協(xié)處理器監(jiān)測(cè)I/O模塊的輸入數(shù)據(jù)。一旦有新數(shù)據(jù)讀入，協(xié)處理器立刻記錄新數(shù)據(jù)并與PLC的狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)組合，然后傳輸給熱備PLC。熱備PLC與主控PLC執(zhí)行相同的控制程序，從而保持了主/備PLC之間的狀態(tài)一致并實(shí)現(xiàn)同步。這種監(jiān)測(cè)式數(shù)據(jù)同步法所需的同步數(shù)據(jù)量小，并且沒(méi)有過(guò)多的占用CPU資源。在主控PLC出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，熱備PLC能夠自動(dòng)且快速的接管控制權(quán)，證明冗余PLC的可靠性確實(shí)比單PLC的可靠性更高。
[Abstract]:At present, coal resources account for more than 70 percent of China's one-off energy consumption, and coal consumption continues to increase by nearly 200 million tons a year, resulting in a continuous rise in pollutant emissions. Therefore, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. It is of great significance to speed up the development of renewable energy and adjust the energy structure for sustainable development of our country. As a renewable energy, wind energy has the characteristics of safety, reliability, green and environmental protection. However, at present, the key technology of PLC controller of wind turbine in wind power industry in our country is lacking and highly dependent on imports, which leads to the high production price of wind turbine. It is very important to develop a set of PLC controller with independent intellectual property rights and high reliability for realizing the localization rate of the fan, improving the fan quality and reducing the cost of the whole machine. Combined with some research contents of the project "localization of PLC control system of MW wind turbine", this paper aims at the characteristics of complex working environment and high reliability of PLC. In this paper, a dual processor based PLC redundancy architecture is proposed. The synchronous data is transmitted through the coprocessor of the master / standby CPU module, and the state synchronization between the master and standby PLC is realized. When the master control PLC fails, the hot standby PLC can take over the master control power quickly. Thus, continuous operation is realized without stopping. In this paper, we deeply study the theory of reliability, compare the efficiency of different redundant fault-tolerant methods to improve the reliability of PLC, and calculate the applicable redundancy mode of PLC. On the basis of analyzing the traditional methods of hardware and software function diagnosis, A top-down fault diagnosis method is put forward, that is, the hierarchical heartbeat detection mechanism is adopted to locate the fault accurately. The improved heartbeat detection method can effectively reduce the misjudgment rate by combining PUSH with PULL. While ensuring high reliability and real-time performance of fault diagnosis, too much communication overhead can be avoided. This paper also designs and realizes the data synchronization between master and standby PLC. Based on the research of indirect synchronization and direct synchronization of redundant PLC, a method of monitoring data synchronization is proposed. The master PLC monitors the input data of the I / O module through the coprocessor. As soon as new data is read in, the coprocessor records the new data and combines it with the state data of the PLC, which is then transmitted to the PLC. The hot standby PLC executes the same control program as the master PLC. Thus, the state of the master / standby PLC is consistent and synchronization is realized. This monitoring data synchronization method requires a small amount of synchronous data and does not take up too much CPU resources. When the master control PLC fails, The hot standby PLC can take over control automatically and quickly, which proves that the reliability of redundant PLC is higher than that of single PLC.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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