本文關(guān)鍵詞： 玉米秸稈 收獲技術(shù) 切割與調(diào)質(zhì) 數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì) 仿真分析　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：玉米秸稈是重要的生物質(zhì)能資源,與礦物燃料相比,生物質(zhì)能具有可再生、低污染和二氧化碳零排放等特點(diǎn)；與其它可再生能源相比,具有資源豐富、分布面廣和用途廣泛等特點(diǎn)。因此,許多國家都在大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能技術(shù),世界糧農(nóng)組織(FAO)預(yù)測(cè),到2050年,以生物質(zhì)能為主的可再生能源將提供全世界60%的電力和40%的燃料。 目前我國玉米秸稈的資源化收集利用尚未形成規(guī)模,主要有兩方面原因：一是玉米摘穗收獲期的秸稈含水率高達(dá)70%-80%,采用自然狀態(tài)下晾曬,失水速度慢、干燥時(shí)間長(zhǎng),影響即時(shí)收獲和打捆；二是玉米秸稈堅(jiān)硬挺實(shí),難于打捆,且打捆后因彈性變形應(yīng)力作用易產(chǎn)生漲捆現(xiàn)象。本文在國家863計(jì)劃和國家科技支撐項(xiàng)目的支持下,以實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈規(guī)�；占玫募夹g(shù)突破為研究目標(biāo),針對(duì)上述問題展開研究。 研究?jī)?nèi)容分為玉米秸稈收獲關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究和秸稈調(diào)質(zhì)玉米收獲機(jī)整機(jī)研制兩個(gè)方面。主要研究結(jié)論及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： 玉米秸稈收獲關(guān)鍵技術(shù)主要研究秸稈切割技術(shù)和秸稈調(diào)質(zhì)(指對(duì)玉米秸稈進(jìn)行擠壓、揉搓使其破節(jié)、裂皮的處理過程)技術(shù),具體研究了秸稈切割和調(diào)質(zhì)的技術(shù)原理和典型機(jī)構(gòu),開展了秸稈特性、秸稈切割部件以及秸稈調(diào)質(zhì)部件等相關(guān)試驗(yàn)研究。首次開發(fā)出了玉米秸稈切割調(diào)質(zhì)技術(shù)和部件,實(shí)現(xiàn)了玉米秸稈破節(jié)、裂皮的調(diào)質(zhì)目標(biāo)。 玉米秸稈切割調(diào)質(zhì)部件研究采用了三維實(shí)體造型技術(shù)、多體動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)和柔性體建模技術(shù)。首次建立了玉米秸稈柔性體仿真模型,開展了秸稈彎曲和調(diào)質(zhì)的仿真臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),建立了切割調(diào)質(zhì)臺(tái)數(shù)字樣機(jī)的秸稈柔性體模型仿真研究平臺(tái),對(duì)秸稈和樣機(jī)模型進(jìn)行了剛?cè)狁詈戏抡娣治?實(shí)現(xiàn)了切割、輸送、調(diào)質(zhì)工作過程的虛擬再現(xiàn),得出了秸稈的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù),驗(yàn)證了仿真研究平臺(tái)的有效性,為進(jìn)一步深入研究提供基礎(chǔ)和參考。 秸稈調(diào)質(zhì)玉米收獲機(jī)整機(jī)研制過程集成了不分行摘穗臺(tái)、秸稈切割調(diào)質(zhì)臺(tái)、高效清雜裝置、果穗輸送和收集裝置、自走式全液壓動(dòng)力底盤等多項(xiàng)技術(shù)。樣機(jī)通過田間性能試驗(yàn)測(cè)試,在收獲果穗的同時(shí),對(duì)玉米秸稈進(jìn)行切割調(diào)質(zhì)處理,使其破節(jié)、裂皮,加速秸稈的水分蒸發(fā)和減小變形應(yīng)力,改變了其力學(xué)及物理狀態(tài),滿足了玉米秸稈高密度成捆作業(yè)要求,促進(jìn)了玉米秸稈規(guī)�；C合利用。首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了玉米摘穗收獲技術(shù)與秸稈調(diào)質(zhì)鋪條技術(shù)的聯(lián)合匹配應(yīng)用,補(bǔ)充和完善了我國玉米收獲技術(shù)體系。 論文采用數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)新技術(shù),探索了農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的新模式,為縮短農(nóng)業(yè)裝備開發(fā)周期和降低研制成本提供了技術(shù)支持。通過自主創(chuàng)新開發(fā),獲得具有完全自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、適合國情的核心技術(shù)和裝備,為構(gòu)建玉米秸稈收集固化成型裝備技術(shù)體系做出了貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Corn stalk is an important biomass energy resource. Compared with fossil fuel, biomass energy has the characteristics of renewable, low pollution and zero carbon dioxide emission. Compared with other renewable energy sources, they are rich in resources, widely distributed and widely used. Therefore, many countries are vigorously developing biomass energy technology, the World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) forecasts. By 2050, biomass-based renewable energy will provide 60% of the world's electricity and 40% of fuel. At present, the collection and utilization of maize straw in China has not yet formed a scale, there are two main reasons: first, the moisture content of corn straw in the harvest period is as high as 70-80, the natural state of drying. Slow loss of water, long drying time, affecting immediate harvest and bundles; The second is that the corn straw is hard and solid, and it is difficult to bundle, and the elastic deformation stress can easily lead to the phenomenon of bundles. This paper is supported by the National 863 Program and the National Science and Technology support Project. In order to realize the technical breakthrough of straw collection and utilization on a large scale, the research aims at the above problems. The research contents are divided into two aspects: the research on the key technology of corn straw harvesting and the development of the whole machine for corn stalk conditioning and tempering. The main research conclusions and innovations are as follows: The key techniques of corn straw harvesting are straw cutting technology and straw conditioning technology (that is, the processing process of extruding, kneading and rubbing corn straw to break its joints and crack its bark). The technical principle and typical mechanism of straw cutting and tempering were studied, and the characteristics of straw were carried out. The technology and parts of corn straw cutting and tempering were developed for the first time to realize the target of corn straw cutting and tempering. Three-dimensional solid modeling technology, multi-body dynamics computer simulation technology and flexible body modeling technology are used in the research of corn straw cutting and tempering parts. The simulation model of maize straw flexible body is established for the first time. The simulation bench test of straw bending and tempering was carried out, and the simulation platform of straw flexible body model was established, and the rigid-flexible coupling simulation analysis of straw and prototype model was carried out. The virtual reproduction of cutting, conveying and tempering processes is realized, the kinematics and dynamics parameters of straw are obtained, and the validity of simulation research platform is verified, which provides the basis and reference for further research. The whole development process of corn harvester with straw conditioning and tempering is integrated with no branch picking table, straw cutting and tempering platform, high efficiency cleaning device, ear conveying and collecting device. The prototype was tested by field performance test, and the corn stalk was cut and quality adjusted at the same time, so as to break the node and crack the skin. Accelerate the evaporation of straw moisture and reduce the deformation stress, change its mechanical and physical state, meet the requirements of high-density corn straw bundles. It has promoted the comprehensive utilization of corn straw on a large scale. It is the first time to realize the joint matching application of corn picking and harvesting technology and straw blending and laying strip technology, which complements and perfects the maize harvesting technology system in China. The paper adopts the new technology of digital design to explore the new mode of agricultural machinery product research and development, which provides technical support for shortening the development cycle of agricultural equipment and reducing the development cost. The core technology and equipment with complete independent intellectual property rights and suitable for national conditions have been obtained, which has contributed to the construction of the technical system of corn straw collection and curing equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：S225.51

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本文編號(hào)：1448259