【摘要】：價(jià)格聽證的實(shí)施已經(jīng)15年有余,目前已成為頗受關(guān)注的一種公眾參與形式。通過(guò)價(jià)格聽證,消費(fèi)者、經(jīng)營(yíng)者等利益相關(guān)方獲得了價(jià)格決策中一定的話語(yǔ)權(quán),從而促進(jìn)了中國(guó)價(jià)格聽證決策的科學(xué)化和民主化。然而在一直以來(lái)的實(shí)踐中價(jià)格聽證面臨的問(wèn)題愈發(fā)增多,許多不足之處都沒(méi)有得到有效的解決,一定程度上影響了公眾參與的積極性,價(jià)格聽證制度走向兩難的境地。 價(jià)格聽證面臨的一個(gè)突出問(wèn)題是如何形成有效的公眾參與機(jī)制,使公眾能夠在價(jià)格聽證過(guò)程中掌控自身的權(quán)利,以及合理有效的的參與到價(jià)格聽證程序之中,最終達(dá)到互動(dòng)式的公平公正。我國(guó)《價(jià)格法》的規(guī)定過(guò)于原則化,《政府制定價(jià)格聽證辦法》和各地制定的“實(shí)施細(xì)則”雖然相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)有所細(xì)化,但是還不足以給價(jià)格聽證的組織者提供全面、系統(tǒng)、詳細(xì)的操作指導(dǎo)。這種缺失導(dǎo)致在價(jià)格聽證的許多細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題上,各個(gè)地方政府實(shí)踐不得不做很多重復(fù)性的初級(jí)探索工作,很大程度上限制了公眾參與機(jī)制的形成與發(fā)展。其次,受制于我國(guó)的體制和傳統(tǒng),在缺乏上位法依據(jù)或者上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)沒(méi)有許可的情形下,價(jià)格聽證始終在一個(gè)較低的水平上徘徊,難以形成一種合理有效的公眾參與機(jī)制。與此同時(shí),價(jià)格聽證參與者——作為聽證參加人的消費(fèi)者,其自身能力的的欠缺使得其參與意識(shí)、參與觀念、參與技巧都處于較低層次,難以形成有效合理的參與經(jīng)驗(yàn)和習(xí)慣。這種狀況使得消費(fèi)者在價(jià)格聽證中一直處于難以獲得實(shí)際話語(yǔ)權(quán)的狀態(tài),對(duì)價(jià)格聽證公眾參與機(jī)制的發(fā)展造成了障礙。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)價(jià)格聽證公眾參與機(jī)制在實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究,從聽證制度和實(shí)踐操作的規(guī)定入手,分析我國(guó)價(jià)格聽證公眾參與機(jī)制的涵義,結(jié)合我國(guó)現(xiàn)行價(jià)格聽證立法和行政現(xiàn)狀,從理論和實(shí)踐方面對(duì)公眾參與機(jī)制的有效性、科學(xué)性和合理性進(jìn)行分析,重點(diǎn)從價(jià)格聽證參與主體、操作規(guī)范、公眾參與權(quán)的監(jiān)督和保障方面對(duì)現(xiàn)行價(jià)格聽證公眾參與機(jī)制影響的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了闡述。在此基礎(chǔ)上,就完善我國(guó)價(jià)格聽證法律制度,切實(shí)解決當(dāng)前價(jià)格聽證公眾參與機(jī)制存在的問(wèn)題,完善民主協(xié)商參與決策的進(jìn)程和公共事務(wù)價(jià)格聽證制度等方面提出建議。
[Abstract]:Price hearing has been implemented for more than 15 years and has become a public participation form. Through the price hearing, the stakeholders, such as consumers and operators, have gained a certain right to speak in the price decision, thus promoting the scientific and democratic decision-making of the price hearing in China. However, the price hearing has been facing more and more problems in practice, many deficiencies have not been effectively resolved, to a certain extent affected the enthusiasm of public participation, the price hearing system into a dilemma. A prominent problem in price hearing is how to form an effective mechanism of public participation so that the public can control their own rights in the process of price hearing and participate in the price hearing procedure reasonably and effectively. The ultimate goal is to achieve interactive fairness and justice. The provisions of our country's "Price Law" are too principled. Although the "measures for Price hearing by the Government" and the "implementing rules" formulated by various localities are relatively detailed, they are not enough to provide a comprehensive and systematic system for the organizers of the price hearings. Detailed operation instruction. This lack of price hearing leads to many details of the practice of local governments have to do a lot of repetitive primary exploration to a large extent limited the formation and development of the mechanism of public participation. Secondly, subject to the system and tradition of our country, the price hearing is always hovering at a lower level in the absence of the upper legal basis or the permission of the higher authorities, so it is difficult to form a reasonable and effective mechanism of public participation. At the same time, the lack of ability of price hearing participants, as consumers of hearing participants, makes their participation consciousness, participation concept and participation skills at a lower level, and it is difficult to form effective and reasonable participation experience and habits. This situation makes consumers in the price hearing has been in the state of difficult to obtain the actual right to speak, which has caused obstacles to the development of public participation mechanism of price hearing. By studying the problems existing in the practice of the public participation mechanism of price hearing in China, this paper analyzes the meaning of the public participation mechanism of price hearing in China, starting with the hearing system and the provisions of practical operation. Combined with the current legislation and administrative situation of price hearing in China, this paper analyzes the effectiveness, scientific nature and rationality of the mechanism of public participation in theory and practice, with emphasis on the participation subject of price hearing, the operation standard, In the aspect of supervision and guarantee of public participation right, the influence of public participation mechanism of current price hearing is expounded. On this basis, the author puts forward some suggestions on perfecting the legal system of price hearing in China, solving the problems existing in the mechanism of public participation in price hearing at present, and perfecting the process of democratic consultation and participation in decision-making and the price hearing system of public affairs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294;D922.1

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