【摘要】：行政法規(guī)的制定要有根據(jù),這是憲法和法律所規(guī)定的。但在行政立法實(shí)踐中,經(jīng)常發(fā)生沒有根據(jù)制定行政法規(guī)的現(xiàn)象,有權(quán)監(jiān)督的機(jī)關(guān)似乎也沒有及時(shí)予以制止。《立法法》規(guī)定了法規(guī)審查的基本機(jī)制,但法規(guī)審查機(jī)制啟動(dòng)程序的設(shè)置存在重大缺陷,致使這一機(jī)制未能發(fā)揮法規(guī)監(jiān)督功能。本片論文致力完成的主要研究任務(wù)是制定行政法規(guī)是否都要有“根據(jù)”、根據(jù)什么制定。文章正文分三個(gè)部分,主要內(nèi)容如下:第一部分,界定清楚行政法規(guī)制定的根據(jù),對(duì)探索行政法規(guī)制定權(quán)的法律規(guī)制一行政法規(guī)審查機(jī)制具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。憲法和組織法規(guī)定行政機(jī)關(guān)享有制定行政法規(guī)和規(guī)章的職權(quán)。界定清楚行政法規(guī)制定的根據(jù),對(duì)行政法規(guī)立法的約束作用主要有三:界定了行政立法的權(quán)限范圍、維護(hù)了國家立法權(quán)不可侵越的地位、奠定了國家法制統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)。然而,學(xué)者對(duì)行政法規(guī)制定的根據(jù)問題研究的很少,而界定清楚行政法規(guī)制定的根據(jù),對(duì)探索行政法規(guī)制定權(quán)的法律規(guī)制一行政法規(guī)審查機(jī)制具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。第二部分,闡述行政法規(guī)制定根據(jù)的實(shí)踐總結(jié),以明確國務(wù)院制定行政法規(guī)時(shí)有什么具體的法律依據(jù)。行政法規(guī)是直接根據(jù)憲法制定,還是直接根據(jù)具體的法律制定,或是行政法規(guī)制定時(shí)兩者都沒有依據(jù),或者其他。例如國務(wù)院于2014年發(fā)布的《中華人民共和國合伙企業(yè)登記管理辦法》,是依據(jù)《中華人民共和國合伙企業(yè)法》制定的;國務(wù)院于2007年發(fā)布的《地方各級(jí)人民政府機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置和編制管理?xiàng)l例》,是根據(jù)憲法、地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)和地方各級(jí)人民政府組織法制定的;國務(wù)院于1981年發(fā)布的《進(jìn)口影片管理辦法》是根據(jù)1980年4月14日中共中央、國務(wù)院、中央軍委《關(guān)于制止濫放內(nèi)部參考影片的通知》精神制定的。這實(shí)際涉及到行政法規(guī)的審查是否是違憲審查還是違法審查的問題,對(duì)于建立完善的行政法規(guī)審查機(jī)制有重要的實(shí)踐意義。第三部分,探索行政法規(guī)制定權(quán)的法律規(guī)制——行政法規(guī)審查機(jī)制,為長期困擾有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)在實(shí)踐中設(shè)立法規(guī)監(jiān)督審查機(jī)制的途徑,提供法理上的對(duì)策�，F(xiàn)有的對(duì)于行政法規(guī)的審查在啟動(dòng)到撤銷的流程當(dāng)中,尚存有諸多明顯漏洞,如果要做到對(duì)于審查建議的研究有據(jù)可循,就必須加以明確啟用審查要求或者使用審查建議的“相關(guān)工作機(jī)構(gòu)”在法律上的合適的地位、其在操作中的職能范圍和樹立最基本的操作行為準(zhǔn)則;明確專門委員會(huì)的提出書面審查意見的過程應(yīng)當(dāng)有更具體的規(guī)定。近年來,對(duì)于現(xiàn)行行政法規(guī)的立法實(shí)踐,很少人進(jìn)行過分類整理,本論文將對(duì)現(xiàn)行行政法規(guī)按類別劃分為:根據(jù)法律制定的行政法規(guī)、根據(jù)憲法制定的行政法規(guī)、根據(jù)憲法和法律制定的行政法規(guī)、未寫明根據(jù)憲法和法律制定的行政法規(guī)四大類進(jìn)行梳理,找出其立法的創(chuàng)新與規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)行政法規(guī)立法的爭論和存在的問題,最后在理論和實(shí)踐分析的基礎(chǔ)之上有針對(duì)性地提出完善行政法規(guī)審查機(jī)制的建議。
[Abstract]:It is stipulated by the Constitution and the law that administrative laws and regulations should be made on the basis of which. However, in the practice of administrative legislation, there is often a phenomenon that administrative laws and regulations are not made on the basis of which, and the organs with power to supervise seem not to stop it in time. stipulates the basic mechanism for the review of regulations, but the establishment of the starting procedure for the review mechanism of regulations exists. The main task of this paper is to make administrative regulations according to what and whether they should be made according to what. The main body of the article is divided into three parts, the main contents are as follows: The first part, clearly define the basis for the formulation of administrative regulations, to explore the rules and regulations of administrative regulations. The Constitution and the Organizational Law stipulate that administrative organs have the power to formulate administrative regulations and regulations. Defining the basis for the formulation of administrative regulations clearly, the binding role of administrative legislation is mainly three: defining the scope of administrative legislation and safeguarding the state However, few scholars have studied the basis of the formulation of administrative rules and regulations, and clearly defined the basis of the formulation of administrative rules and regulations, which is of great significance to explore the legal regulation of the formulation of administrative rules and regulations - the review mechanism of administrative rules and regulations. The practice summary of the basis for the enactment of administrative rules and regulations is to clarify what specific legal basis the State Council has for the enactment of administrative rules and regulations. Measures for the registration and administration of state-owned partnership enterprises are formulated in accordance with the Partnership Law of the People's Republic of China; Regulations on the Establishment and Formulation of Local People's Government Organs promulgated by the State Council in 2007 are formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the Organizational Law of the local people's congresses and local people's governments at various levels; promulgated by the State Council in 1981 The "Measures for the Administration of Imported Films" was formulated in accordance with the spirit of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China on April 14, 1980. This actually involves the question of whether the examination of administrative regulations is unconstitutional or illegal. It is important to establish a sound mechanism for the examination of administrative regulations. The third part explores the legal regulation of the power to formulate administrative rules and Regulations-the review mechanism of administrative rules and regulations, and provides legal countermeasures for the long-term troubles of the relevant organs in establishing the supervision and review mechanism of administrative rules and regulations in practice. Holes, if the study of review proposals is to be based on evidence, it is necessary to clarify the appropriate legal status of the "relevant working body" using review requirements or review proposals, the scope of its functions in operation and the establishment of the most basic operational code of conduct, and to clarify the written review opinions of the special committee. In recent years, few people have classified the current administrative laws and regulations according to their legislative practice. This paper classifies them into three categories: according to the administrative laws and regulations formulated by the law, according to the administrative regulations formulated by the constitution, according to the administrative regulations formulated by the constitution, according to the administrative regulations formulated by the Constitution and the administrative regulations formulated by the law, without specifying the constitution. Four categories of administrative laws and regulations are sorted out to find out their legislative innovation and laws, and to find out the disputes and problems in the legislation of administrative regulations. Finally, on the basis of theoretical and practical analysis, suggestions are put forward to improve the review mechanism of administrative regulations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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