【摘要】：《中華人民共和國(guó)慈善法》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《慈善法》)的頒布預(yù)示著我國(guó)的慈善事業(yè)將進(jìn)入一個(gè)嶄新的篇章,出現(xiàn)了全民參與慈善的情景,慈善再也不是極少數(shù)富有人的專利,廣大人民群眾也通過(guò)各種各樣的方式來(lái)積極參與其中。傳統(tǒng)的慈善理念也隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的來(lái)臨而轉(zhuǎn)變,衍生出新型慈善募捐方式——網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐。作為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)慈善的主要募捐形式,網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)點(diǎn)的同時(shí)在實(shí)施過(guò)程中也存在較多問(wèn)題。如何甄別網(wǎng)絡(luò)上真假難辨的求助信息,真正的幫助到需要幫助的人;如何行使捐贈(zèng)者的知情權(quán);如何監(jiān)管網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐行為,有效防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐捐、騙捐的現(xiàn)象屢屢發(fā)生,這些都是網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐有待解決的問(wèn)題。為了有效的解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐在實(shí)踐中的問(wèn)題,更好地借助這種新興的募捐方式來(lái)“廣發(fā)善心”,推進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐有序發(fā)展勢(shì)在必行。只有建立法律規(guī)制、政府監(jiān)管、行業(yè)自律三位一體的綜合監(jiān)管制度才能有效遏制網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐捐、騙捐的發(fā)生。本文就我國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐為研究對(duì)象,首先,從立法、政府監(jiān)管、慈善行業(yè)三方面剖析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐存在的問(wèn)題;其次,借鑒美國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐的經(jīng)驗(yàn),參照其較為完善的法律體系與監(jiān)管體系,總結(jié)出我國(guó)對(duì)此問(wèn)題的啟示;最后,綜合我國(guó)慈善事業(yè)實(shí)際情況,提出相應(yīng)問(wèn)題的解決措施。本文主要從以下四部分對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐法律問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析研究:第一部分是網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐的基本概述。筆者首先闡述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐的概念;其次分析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐的四點(diǎn)特征:行為主體特殊、募捐方式特殊、募捐行為具有自發(fā)性和人身屬性、募捐活動(dòng)低成本高效率性;最后介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐產(chǎn)生的背景。第二部分是我國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐主要存在的問(wèn)題。筆者從三方面分析了該問(wèn)題:第一是立法問(wèn)題;第二是政府監(jiān)管問(wèn)題;第三是行業(yè)自身問(wèn)題。例如,網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐定罪量刑的缺失、行政法規(guī)的不健全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐政府監(jiān)管的缺失、信息公開及其反饋的機(jī)制缺失等突出問(wèn)題。第三部分介紹了美國(guó)規(guī)制網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。主要是從美國(guó)慈善法律法規(guī)的概況及對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示兩方面來(lái)闡述。美國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐的法律是在世界各國(guó)中較早確立的,有著完善的立法及監(jiān)管機(jī)制,為我國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐的立法與監(jiān)管提供了很好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與借鑒,如要求網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐采取登記制度、建立良好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境、采用稅收激勵(lì)政策等,從而促進(jìn)我國(guó)慈善事業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。第四部分,介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐問(wèn)題的解決措施。從完善立法、完善政府監(jiān)管以及健全慈善行業(yè)內(nèi)部相關(guān)機(jī)制三方面來(lái)解決前面第二部分所列舉出的問(wèn)題。立法方面,建議網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐捐、騙捐入刑;健全相關(guān)行政法規(guī);政府監(jiān)管方面,設(shè)立專門的機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐;完善剩余善款的管理制度;建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐申報(bào)許可制度;增加稅收優(yōu)惠政策;規(guī)范慈善行業(yè)內(nèi)部方面,積極構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)募捐平臺(tái);增設(shè)個(gè)人隱私保護(hù)機(jī)制;建立信息可信度考量機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The promulgation of the Charity Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Charity Law) indicates that China's charitable undertakings will enter a new chapter, and the whole people will participate in charity. Charity is no longer the patent of a very few rich people, and the broad masses of the people will actively participate in it through various means. As the main form of Internet charity, Internet fundraising has its unique advantages, but there are also many problems in the implementation process. How to distinguish the true and false information on the Internet, really help to the needs of help. How to exercise the donor's right to know, how to supervise the online donation, how to effectively prevent network fraud, fraudulent donation, these are the problems to be solved. Only by establishing a comprehensive supervision system which integrates legal regulation, government supervision and industry self-discipline can we effectively curb the occurrence of network fraud and donation fraud. Secondly, draw lessons from the experience of the United States network fund-raising, referring to its relatively perfect legal system and regulatory system, summed up the Enlightenment of China on this issue; finally, based on the actual situation of China's philanthropy, put forward the corresponding measures to solve the problem. The author first expounds the concept of network fund-raising, then analyzes the four characteristics of network fund-raising: special actors, special ways of fund-raising, spontaneous and personal attributes of fund-raising behavior, low cost and high efficiency of fund-raising activities; finally introduces the background of network fund-raising. The author analyzes the main problems in donation from three aspects: first, legislation; second, government supervision; third, the industry itself. The third part introduces the experience of regulating Internet fundraising in the United States, mainly from two aspects: the general situation of American charity laws and regulations and the enlightenment to our country. Examination and reference, such as the requirement of the registration system, the establishment of a good network environment, the use of tax incentive policies, so as to promote the healthy development of China's charity. Part IV, introduced the solution to the problem of network fund-raising. From three aspects to improve legislation, improve government supervision and improve the internal mechanism of the charity industry. To solve the problems enumerated in the second part of the preceding part, the author suggests that the network fraudulent donation, fraudulent donation penalty; improve the relevant administrative laws and regulations; government supervision, set up a special agency to supervise the network fund-raising; improve the management system of surplus charity; establish a network fund-raising declaration and licensing system; increase tax preferential policies; standardize the internal parties of the charity industry. We should actively build a network donation platform, set up an individual privacy protection mechanism, and establish an information credibility evaluation mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.182.3
，

本文編號(hào)：2188401