【摘要】：《國家賠償法》修改后賠償方面的問題有所改進，較好地維護了公民的合法權益，但對于補償問題，由于時機不成熟，并未做較大的改動。在實踐中如何充分及時對公民進行補償卻是一個不可回避的問題。即時強制的行政補償，是指行政主體在遇到違法犯罪或自然災害、事故災難、公共衛(wèi)生事件或社會安全事件等危機時，行政主體為了維護社會公共利益和秩序，采取的合法即時行政強制行為對相對人的人身或財產造成特別損害時所承擔的一種補償責任。雖然即時強制行為本身是合法行政行為，其目的也是為了保護公眾利益，但是基于公平正義原則，行政公權力主體也必須對此造成的損害負擔補償責任。本文圍繞即時強制補償問題從五方面進行了研究。 第一部分主要明晰行政即時強制的概念及對即時強制行政補償?shù)慕缍ê皖愋蛣澐�。其中指出我國目前的立法中并無即時強制這一概念，仍停留于學理上的討論。另外還介紹了大陸法系國家對即時強制的界定。 第二部分對即時強制行政補償?shù)恼斝赃M行證成。從社會國與法治國理念、最低限度的人權保障原則、特別犧牲的公共負擔平等承受理論及相關法律對公民特別損害的補償規(guī)定這四個方面來證明對行政主體合法實施的即時強制行為給予相對人補償?shù)谋匾浴?第三部分闡述大陸法系幾個典型國家針對即時強制行為的補償立法規(guī)定。即德國的統(tǒng)一與單行法結合的即時強制的公平補償；日本在單行法中規(guī)定的正當補償；臺灣地區(qū)在《行政執(zhí)行法》中明確規(guī)定給予相對人的合理損害補償。這些國家的立法實踐對我國有重要的借鑒意義。 第四部分對我國即時強制補償?shù)姆梢?guī)定進行梳理。存在的主要問題有實體方面缺乏起指導作用的基本原則、沒有統(tǒng)一的行政補償立法并且補償救濟制度不健全，在程序上沒有標準的操作程序，，行政主體的裁量權力過大等。 第五部分探討我國即時強制補償?shù)闹贫冉嫛＜创_立即時強制補償?shù)臉嫵梢�、在強制法中列明補償條款、明確即時強制補償?shù)臉藴�、范圍、方式、程序以及完善救濟途徑。最后要保證即時強制補償?shù)恼畔⒐_，加強廣泛監(jiān)督，確保補償?shù)玫秸嬲y(tǒng)一貫徹執(zhí)行，相對人合法權益得到有效彌補。
[Abstract]:After the amendment of the "State compensation Law", the problems of compensation have been improved, and the legitimate rights and interests of citizens have been better safeguarded, but the compensation problem has not been changed because the time is not ripe. In practice, how to make full and timely compensation to citizens is an unavoidable problem. Immediate compulsory administrative compensation refers to the administrative subject in order to safeguard the public interest and order in the event of a crisis, such as illegal crime or natural disaster, accident disaster, public health event or social security event. A liability for compensation when a lawful and immediate administrative coercive act causes special damage to the person or property of the relative party. Although the immediate compulsory act itself is a legal administrative act and its purpose is to protect the public interest, the subject of the administrative public power must also bear the compensation responsibility for the damage caused by it on the basis of the principle of fairness and justice. This paper focuses on the issue of immediate compulsory compensation from five aspects. The first part mainly clarifies the concept of immediate administrative compulsion and the definition and classification of immediate compulsory administrative compensation. It is pointed out that there is no immediate compulsion in our current legislation, and it still stays in the discussion of theory. In addition, it introduces the definition of immediate compulsion in civil law countries. The second part proves the legitimacy of immediate compulsory administrative compensation. From the social state and the concept of rule of law, the minimum principle of human rights protection, The special sacrifice of the public burden of equal bearing theory and the relevant laws of the compensation for special damage to citizens these four aspects to prove the legal implementation of the administrative body of the immediate compulsory acts of the opposite party to compensate the necessity. The third part describes the civil law system of several typical countries for immediate compulsory acts of compensation legislation provisions. That is, the unification of Germany and the combination of the single law of the immediate compulsory fair compensation; Japan in the sole law of the provisions of the just compensation; Taiwan in the "Administrative Enforcement Law" clearly stipulated to the opposite party reasonable compensation for damage. The legislative practice of these countries has important reference significance to our country. The fourth part combs the legal provisions of immediate compulsory compensation in our country. The main problems are the lack of basic guiding principles in the substantive aspect, the lack of uniform administrative compensation legislation and the imperfect compensation and relief system, the absence of standard operating procedures in the procedure, the excessive discretion of the administrative subject, etc. The fifth part discusses the system construction of immediate compulsory compensation in China. That is, to establish the constitutive elements of immediate compulsory compensation, to set out the compensation clause in the compulsory law, to clarify the standard, scope, method, procedure and perfect relief way of the immediate compulsory compensation. Finally, it is necessary to ensure that the government information of immediate compulsory compensation is made public, to strengthen extensive supervision, to ensure that the compensation is truly and uniformly implemented, and that the legitimate rights and interests of the counterpart are effectively compensated.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.1;D922.1

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本文編號：2181520