【摘要】：國(guó)家賠償?shù)闹饕康木褪菫榱耸箛?guó)家對(duì)公民受到損害的合法權(quán)益能夠得到合理有效的彌補(bǔ),或者是對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤行為承擔(dān)一定的責(zé)任,更是對(duì)社會(huì)公平正義的一種維護(hù)。國(guó)家賠償制度的設(shè)立是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代文明的里程碑,而國(guó)家賠償法中有關(guān)/+賠償數(shù)額,賠償方式等規(guī)定的再好,如果沒(méi)有相關(guān)的賠償程序來(lái)予以監(jiān)督執(zhí)行的話,那么再好再科學(xué)的實(shí)體賠償規(guī)定也終將難以實(shí)現(xiàn)其制度本身存有的初衷。所以在國(guó)家賠償法中其賠償程序至關(guān)重要,要實(shí)現(xiàn)受害公民的合法權(quán)益能真正得到賠償就必須建立一套結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),完整公正的賠償程序規(guī)定。它有利提高社會(huì)和諧程度,有效化解社會(huì)矛盾。在我國(guó)國(guó)家賠償程序中有行政賠償程序和司法賠償程序之分,文章中以行政賠償程序?yàn)橹饕芯繉?duì)象。我國(guó)現(xiàn)行行政賠償程序雖然在2010年的《國(guó)家賠償法》中作了進(jìn)步性的修改,但由于我國(guó)作為一個(gè)輕程序重實(shí)體的國(guó)家,再加上對(duì)程序本身的研究時(shí)間較短,實(shí)際上行政賠償程序的自身規(guī)定仍然存在一些缺陷。 行政賠償程序是指行政賠償請(qǐng)求人向行政賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)請(qǐng)求行政賠償,行政賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)賠償請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行審查并作出處理,以及行政復(fù)議機(jī)關(guān)或人民法院根據(jù)行政賠償請(qǐng)求人的復(fù)議申請(qǐng)或起訴解決行政賠償爭(zhēng)議的方式、步驟、順序和時(shí)限的總稱。 全文從我國(guó)行政賠償程序規(guī)定的特征,該程序在當(dāng)前的實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀,主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的相關(guān)規(guī)定,以及對(duì)我國(guó)行政賠償程序規(guī)定的不足和修改建議等方面對(duì)其進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)性的論述。 文章的第一部分,主要對(duì)我國(guó)行政賠償程序的概述。本章以程序?yàn)橹饕獌?nèi)容,從與程序相關(guān)的基本概念的闡述來(lái)說(shuō)明程序的重要性,再對(duì)行政賠償程序的概念進(jìn)行闡述,以及行政賠償程序與相關(guān)程序概念的區(qū)別和比較。 文章的第二部分,介紹主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的行政賠償程序規(guī)定。通過(guò)對(duì)英國(guó),美國(guó),德國(guó),法國(guó)的相關(guān)程序規(guī)定總結(jié)出各自的特點(diǎn),并分別從這幾個(gè)國(guó)家的先行處理程序和行政賠償訴訟程序中總結(jié)出其對(duì)我國(guó)相關(guān)規(guī)定的借鑒。 文章的第三部分,介紹我國(guó)行政賠償程序的主要內(nèi)容,分別對(duì)先行處理程序,行政賠償復(fù)議程序,行政賠償訴訟程序做了闡述,其中以先行處理程序的內(nèi)容介紹為主,最后對(duì)我國(guó)行政賠償?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)做出總結(jié)。 文章的第四部分,指出我國(guó)目前行政賠償程序的不足之處。在先行處理程序中的不足主要表現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)求人資格的確定,先行處理決定的法律效力缺乏規(guī)定,和對(duì)處理機(jī)關(guān)處理行為責(zé)任的規(guī)定等方面。在行政賠償訴訟中存在的不足則表現(xiàn)在對(duì)受害人權(quán)利缺乏保護(hù),訴訟效率比較低下。而在做出行政處理或判決后執(zhí)行程序中的不足主要表現(xiàn)為對(duì)行政賠償?shù)?履行和執(zhí)行程序的不足,還有行政追償程序規(guī)定的過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)陋。 文章的第五部分,主要針對(duì)我國(guó)行政賠償程序的不足之處提出相應(yīng)的完善意見(jiàn)。分別針對(duì)第四部分中先行處理程序,行政賠償訴訟程序和后續(xù)程序的不足提出相應(yīng)的完善意見(jiàn)。在立法方面首先確定下了行政賠償程序的立法原則,主要有保護(hù)私權(quán)原則,程序高效原則和程序公開(kāi)原則。在先行處理程序中建議設(shè)立聽(tīng)證程序,增加對(duì)先行處理決定的行政復(fù)議,加強(qiáng)對(duì)先行處理程序辦案人員的考評(píng)制度等。在行政賠償訴訟程序中建議改進(jìn)舉證責(zé)任的分配,及訴訟中調(diào)解程序的啟動(dòng)權(quán)的分配。最后在行政追償程序中對(duì)立案條件的設(shè)置,立案調(diào)查中建議設(shè)立聽(tīng)證制度和專門(mén)的調(diào)查小組等。
[Abstract]:The main purpose of state compensation is to make up for the damage to citizens'legitimate rights and interests reasonably and effectively, or to take some responsibility for their misconduct, but also to safeguard social fairness and justice. If there is no relevant compensation procedure to supervise and execute, then it will be difficult to realize the original intention of the system itself. Therefore, the compensation procedure in the state compensation law is very important to realize the legitimate rights and interests of the injured citizens. In order to get compensation, it is necessary to establish a set of strict, complete and fair compensation procedures. It is beneficial to improve social harmony and effectively resolve social contradictions. Although the compensation procedure has been revised progressively in the State Compensation Law in 2010, there are still some defects in the provisions of the administrative compensation procedure itself, because China is a country that attaches importance to the procedure and has a relatively short research time on the procedure itself.
The procedure of administrative compensation refers to the way, step, sequence and method by which the claimant of administrative compensation requests administrative compensation from the organ of administrative compensation obligation, the organ of administrative compensation obligation examines and deals with the claim for compensation, and the organ of administrative reconsideration or the people's court resolves the dispute of administrative compensation according to the application or suit of the claimant of administrative compensation. A general term for time limits.
This paper systematically discusses the characteristics of the administrative compensation procedure in China, the current implementation status of the procedure, the relevant provisions of the major developed countries, and the deficiencies of the provisions of the administrative compensation procedure in China and the suggestions for amendment.
The first part of the article mainly summarizes the administrative compensation procedure of our country.This chapter takes the procedure as the main content,explains the importance of the procedure from the elaboration of the basic concepts related to the procedure,expounds the concept of the administrative compensation procedure,and compares the difference between the administrative compensation procedure and the related procedural concepts.
The second part of the article introduces the administrative compensation procedures of the major developed countries. Through the relevant procedural provisions of the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and France, summarize their respective characteristics, and from these countries'pre-processing procedures and administrative compensation proceedings summed up its reference to China's relevant provisions.
The third part of the article introduces the main contents of the administrative compensation procedure in our country, and expounds the advance processing procedure, the administrative compensation resumption procedure and the administrative compensation lawsuit procedure, in which the content of the advance processing procedure is mainly introduced, and finally summarizes the characteristics of the administrative compensation in our country.
The fourth part of the article points out the shortcomings of the administrative compensation procedure in our country. Lack of protection of the rights of the victim and inefficiency in litigation are the main deficiencies in the execution procedure after making administrative treatment or judgment.
Lack of performance and enforcement procedures, as well as the provisions of administrative recovery procedures are too crude.
In the fifth part of the article, the author puts forward some suggestions on the deficiencies of the administrative compensation procedure in our country. The principle of protecting private rights, the principle of procedural efficiency and the principle of procedural openness. In the prior processing procedure, it is suggested to set up the hearing procedure, increase the administrative reconsideration of the prior processing decision, and strengthen the evaluation system of the handling personnel of the prior processing procedure. Finally, in the procedure of administrative recourse, it is suggested to set up a hearing system and a special investigation team.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.11
，

本文編號(hào)：2179836