本文選題：城市社區(qū) + 防災(zāi)減災(zāi)�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)是城市防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的基石。然而，綜觀我國城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)理論和實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀，城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)仍處于初步探索階段，尤其是相關(guān)法律制度建設(shè)的滯后，已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重制約我國城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)水平的提高。因此，有必要深入研究我國城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)法制問題，通過對城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)法律制度現(xiàn)狀和問題進(jìn)行梳理，借鑒其他國家相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，尋求完善城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)法律制度的路徑，，進(jìn)而推動我國城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)活動走上規(guī)范化、法制化道路，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)國家創(chuàng)新社會管理戰(zhàn)略的目標(biāo)。 理論是一切研究的邏輯起點(diǎn)。文章首先從理論的維度對城市社區(qū)參與防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的正當(dāng)性進(jìn)行分析，其中所論及的“國家與社會理論”與“多中心治理理論”旨在解決社區(qū)作為自治單位為什么能夠承擔(dān)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)這項(xiàng)公共職能這一問題。其次，對目前我國城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)相關(guān)立法規(guī)定進(jìn)行梳理，通過對目前法律運(yùn)行的實(shí)際效果剖析得出我國城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)法律制度的困境有：城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)管理組織機(jī)構(gòu)法律地位不明確、應(yīng)急預(yù)案制定率和有效性低、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)規(guī)劃制度缺失、災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評估調(diào)查制度實(shí)施存在障礙、社區(qū)減災(zāi)側(cè)重預(yù)防而非全過程減災(zāi)、公眾參與程度不高以及管理與考核制度缺乏有效激勵與制約。再次，擷取域外國家的先進(jìn)法律制度經(jīng)驗(yàn)，通過對美國、日本兩國相關(guān)法律內(nèi)容及典型制度分析，抽象得出其對我國城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)法律制度建設(shè)的啟示主要有：加強(qiáng)立法建設(shè)、制定社區(qū)減災(zāi)規(guī)劃、強(qiáng)調(diào)社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的公眾參與以及注重社區(qū)減災(zāi)文化的培育。最后一部分是整篇文章的核心，本部分以立法為切入點(diǎn)，從明確城市社區(qū)居委會在防災(zāi)減災(zāi)中的法律地位、提高城市社區(qū)應(yīng)急預(yù)案制定率與有效性、建立城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)規(guī)劃制度、多渠道保障城市社區(qū)自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險調(diào)查評估制度實(shí)施、建立城市社區(qū)災(zāi)害應(yīng)急處置與救援制度和災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建制度、提高城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)公眾參與度以及完善城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)管理與考核制度等七個方面提出完善我國城市社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)法律制度的建議。
[Abstract]:Community disaster prevention and mitigation is the cornerstone of urban disaster prevention and mitigation. However, in view of the theory and practice of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China, the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation is still in the initial exploration stage, especially the lagging of the construction of relevant legal system. It has seriously restricted the improvement of the level of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities in China. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in our country, through combing the present situation and problems of the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation, and learning from the relevant experiences of other countries. This paper seeks to improve the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation, and then promote the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation activities to be standardized, legalized, and finally achieve the goal of national innovative social management strategy. Theory is the logical starting point for all studies. Firstly, this paper analyzes the legitimacy of urban community participation in disaster prevention and mitigation from the perspective of theory. The "theory of state and society" and "theory of polycentric governance" discussed in this paper are aimed at solving the problem of why the community, as an autonomous unit, can undertake the public function of disaster prevention and mitigation. Secondly, the current urban community disaster prevention and mitigation related legislative provisions are combed. Through the analysis of the actual effect of the current law operation, it is found that the difficulties of the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China are as follows: the legal status of the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation management organization is not clear, the formulation rate and effectiveness of the emergency plan are low. The system of disaster prevention and mitigation planning is lacking, the implementation of the system of disaster risk assessment and investigation is hindered, community disaster reduction focuses on prevention rather than the whole process of disaster reduction, the degree of public participation is not high, and the management and assessment system lacks effective incentives and constraints. Thirdly, through the analysis of the relevant legal contents and typical systems of the United States and Japan through the acquisition of the experience of the advanced legal systems of foreign countries, Abstract its enlightenment to the legal system construction of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in our country mainly includes: strengthening the legislative construction, making the community disaster reduction plan, emphasizing the public participation of community disaster prevention and mitigation and paying attention to the cultivation of community disaster reduction culture. The last part is the core of the whole article, this part takes the legislation as the breakthrough point, from the clear city community neighborhood committee in the disaster prevention and mitigation legal status, enhances the city community emergency plan formulation rate and the validity, To establish a planning system for disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities, to ensure the implementation of the risk investigation and assessment system for natural disasters in urban communities through multiple channels, to establish a disaster emergency management and rescue system for urban communities and a system for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, Some suggestions on how to improve the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China are put forward from seven aspects, such as increasing the public participation in urban community disaster prevention and mitigation and perfecting the management and assessment system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.1

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