本文選題：征收補(bǔ)償 + 補(bǔ)償原則　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年隨著城鄉(xiāng)一體化進(jìn)程的加快，農(nóng)村土地征收過(guò)程中凸顯出的各種問(wèn)題日益突出和尖銳，這也引起了政府部門(mén)和很多學(xué)者的關(guān)注。針對(duì)這一情況，今年全國(guó)兩會(huì)上出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)熱議的話題，那就是進(jìn)行農(nóng)村土地改革，讓農(nóng)民在土地上真正受益。并且十八屆三中全會(huì)對(duì)農(nóng)村土改做出的安排主要包括：符合規(guī)劃和用途管制的農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地允許進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，和國(guó)有土地享受同等權(quán)利和同等價(jià)格；在明確集體所有權(quán)，穩(wěn)定農(nóng)戶承包權(quán)，搞活土地的經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)上，允許承包土地的經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)向金融機(jī)構(gòu)抵押融資；慎重穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)農(nóng)民住房財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)抵押、擔(dān)保、轉(zhuǎn)讓，探索農(nóng)民增加財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入渠道三個(gè)主要方面。通過(guò)土地改革的動(dòng)向，我們可以看出農(nóng)民被承認(rèn)的在土地上享有的權(quán)利和利益范圍正在不斷的擴(kuò)大，國(guó)家對(duì)農(nóng)民的保護(hù)力度也正在加強(qiáng)。 農(nóng)村土地征收表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的最大的問(wèn)題就是補(bǔ)償?shù)膯?wèn)題，涉及到補(bǔ)償原則、補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、補(bǔ)償范圍以及費(fèi)用分配等，每一部分都存在一定的問(wèn)題，并且都有立法不完善的地方。為此，很多專家學(xué)者為加快構(gòu)建合理的農(nóng)村土地征收補(bǔ)償制度而獻(xiàn)言獻(xiàn)策，大多是從全面宏觀的角度來(lái)論述的。本文筆者從一個(gè)具體的角度，選擇農(nóng)村土地征收補(bǔ)償?shù)钠渲幸粋�(gè)方面土地補(bǔ)償范圍來(lái)加以論述，首先通過(guò)探析征收補(bǔ)償?shù)睦碚摶A(chǔ)證明補(bǔ)償?shù)谋匾院驼?dāng)性，接著確定補(bǔ)償?shù)脑瓌t，用原則來(lái)指導(dǎo)補(bǔ)償?shù)母鱾�(gè)方面。其次，從理論和實(shí)際相結(jié)合的角度對(duì)農(nóng)民因征收而遭受的權(quán)利損失及附著于土地上的其他利益損失予以分析，堅(jiān)持以損失決定補(bǔ)償?shù)姆秶�，有損失就應(yīng)補(bǔ)償。對(duì)于未被法律所認(rèn)可的習(xí)慣權(quán)利，通過(guò)考證其普遍的現(xiàn)實(shí)存在性和現(xiàn)有土地政策的導(dǎo)向性，筆者主張將這些農(nóng)民在現(xiàn)實(shí)中存在的利益納入立法保護(hù)范圍之內(nèi)，將這種習(xí)慣權(quán)利上升為法定權(quán)利予以保護(hù)，這既是政府以民為本保障農(nóng)民利益的政策要求，也順應(yīng)了法律上權(quán)利保護(hù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。再次，通過(guò)比較國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于補(bǔ)償范圍的規(guī)定，，分析我國(guó)目前立法上關(guān)于補(bǔ)償范圍的規(guī)定，顯示出立法和實(shí)踐之間的巨大差別，凸顯出補(bǔ)償范圍的過(guò)于狹窄和立法上的嚴(yán)重缺陷和不足，不利于對(duì)農(nóng)民權(quán)利和利益的保護(hù)。最后，筆者從我國(guó)的實(shí)際出發(fā)，針對(duì)現(xiàn)行補(bǔ)償范圍規(guī)定的不足之處，提出立法完善建議，并主張從農(nóng)民的角度出發(fā)，不僅要保護(hù)農(nóng)民的實(shí)際權(quán)利和利益，而且要尊重和保護(hù)其發(fā)展權(quán)。 本篇論文的寫(xiě)作目的就是在分析國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于土地補(bǔ)償范圍現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，參考借鑒國(guó)外以及我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的相關(guān)規(guī)定，結(jié)合我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況提出土地補(bǔ)償范圍方面的完善建議，筆者的主要觀點(diǎn)就是將農(nóng)民實(shí)際存在的相關(guān)習(xí)慣權(quán)利上升為法定權(quán)利予以保護(hù)和補(bǔ)償。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of the process of urban-rural integration, various problems highlighted in the process of rural land expropriation have become increasingly prominent and sharp, which has also attracted the attention of government departments and many scholars. In view of this situation, there is a hot topic in the national two sessions this year, that is, to carry out rural land reform, so that farmers can really benefit from the land. And the third Plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the rural land reform made arrangements mainly include: according to the planning and use control of rural collective operating land allowed to enter the market and state-owned land enjoy the same rights and prices; On the basis of defining collective ownership, stabilizing peasant households' right to contract contracts, and invigorating the right to manage land, the right to manage contracted land shall be allowed to mortgage and finance to financial institutions, and peasants' housing property rights shall be prudently promoted for mortgage, guarantee, and transfer. Explore farmer increases property sex income channel 3 main respects. Through the trend of land reform, we can see that the scope of farmers' recognized rights and interests on the land is constantly expanding, and the state's protection of farmers is also being strengthened. The biggest problem of rural land expropriation is compensation, which involves the principle of compensation, the standard of compensation, the scope of compensation and the distribution of expenses. There are some problems in each part, and the legislation is not perfect. To this end, many experts and scholars to speed up the construction of a reasonable compensation system for rural land expropriation and advice, mostly from a comprehensive macro point of view. From a specific point of view, the author chooses one aspect of rural land expropriation compensation to discuss the scope of land compensation. Firstly, it proves the necessity and legitimacy of compensation by analyzing the theoretical basis of expropriation compensation. Then determine the principle of compensation, with principles to guide all aspects of compensation. Secondly, from the angle of the combination of theory and practice, this paper analyzes the loss of rights and other losses attached to the land caused by the expropriation of peasants, and insists on deciding the scope of compensation by the loss, if there is any loss, it should be compensated. For the customary rights which have not been recognized by the law, the author advocates that the interests of these farmers in reality should be included in the scope of legislative protection through textual research on their universal existence and the guidance of existing land policies. It is not only the policy requirement of the government to protect farmers' interests, but also the development trend of legal rights protection. Thirdly, by comparing the domestic and foreign provisions on the scope of compensation, this paper analyzes the current legislation on the scope of compensation in China, showing the huge difference between legislation and practice. The narrow range of compensation and the serious defects and deficiencies in legislation are not conducive to the protection of farmers' rights and interests. Finally, from the point of view of the reality of our country, aiming at the deficiencies of the current compensation scope, the author puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of legislation, and advocates that the actual rights and interests of farmers should not only be protected from the perspective of farmers. It is also necessary to respect and protect their right to development. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the present situation of land compensation scope in China, refer to the relevant regulations of foreign countries and Taiwan region, and put forward some suggestions on land compensation scope according to the actual situation of our country. The author's main point is to protect and compensate farmers' relevant customary rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.3

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