本文選題：權(quán)力清單 + 行政自制��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：權(quán)力清單是我國政府在全面推進(jìn)依法治國、全面深化改革的進(jìn)程中一次有益嘗試,也是切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能、推進(jìn)行政體制改革的一項(xiàng)重要舉措。自權(quán)力清單萌芽到現(xiàn)在,各級各地政府及其工作部門都對權(quán)力清單的建設(shè)投入了很大的熱情。在理論層面,許多學(xué)者也從各自的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域和角度為權(quán)力清單的研究做出了貢獻(xiàn)。可以說,目前我國政府權(quán)力清單的建設(shè)取得了非常好的成績。但是同時我們也必須承認(rèn),權(quán)力清單作為一項(xiàng)年輕的制度,在目前的理論和實(shí)踐中仍然存在著一些問題。從理論上來看,現(xiàn)有研究對于權(quán)力清單的定性并不統(tǒng)一,而且權(quán)力清單在實(shí)際的推行過程中也存在一些困難和不足,這些都不利于權(quán)力清單功能的有效發(fā)揮。如果這些問題得不到解決,后續(xù)的一系列制度建設(shè)也沒有辦法很有效的展開,權(quán)力清單的推行和完善方面就會存在一些困難,那么就很可能淪為"紙面上的清單"。因此,本文從權(quán)力清單的實(shí)踐出發(fā),借鑒理論界對權(quán)力清單的研究成果,將權(quán)力清單定位為一種行政自制規(guī)則,兼具組織性行政規(guī)則和替代性行政規(guī)則的屬性。并立足于行政自制規(guī)則的性質(zhì),借鑒同屬行政規(guī)則范疇內(nèi)的裁量基準(zhǔn)的研究成果,提出構(gòu)建權(quán)力清單制度的設(shè)想。裁量基準(zhǔn)制度的基本內(nèi)容主要分為兩大部分,一是裁量基準(zhǔn)自身的建構(gòu)必須嚴(yán)格依據(jù)法律,以法律規(guī)定為導(dǎo)向。二是在自制的范疇內(nèi)引入他制的因素,包括公眾參與裁量基準(zhǔn)的制定、不履行裁量基準(zhǔn)的責(zé)任追究制度、說明理由制度以及對裁量基準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行司法審查等內(nèi)容。在構(gòu)建權(quán)力清單制度的時候也可以從中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn),即雖然作為行政自制規(guī)則的權(quán)力清單強(qiáng)調(diào)主體出于自愿控制自己的行為,但是并不代表可以脫離監(jiān)督機(jī)制的約束。因此,在權(quán)力清單制度的構(gòu)建上,既要規(guī)范權(quán)力清單的自我構(gòu)建,又要引入"他制"的因素,尋求自制和他制的平衡。在權(quán)力清單自身的建設(shè)上,要嚴(yán)把職權(quán)法定這一關(guān)鍵,規(guī)范權(quán)力清單的各項(xiàng)構(gòu)成要素,不僅要從權(quán)力梳理上下功夫,還要注重權(quán)力清單的動態(tài)更新和調(diào)整,確保清單內(nèi)的每項(xiàng)權(quán)力都于法有據(jù)。同時,為了克服其"規(guī)則之治"與"自我控制"的固有局限性,還要完善權(quán)力清單的一系列制約機(jī)制。包括行政系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的制約和行政系統(tǒng)外部的制約兩條路徑。行政系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的制約機(jī)制主要包括建立起配套的責(zé)任清單、績效考核機(jī)制、行政復(fù)議等內(nèi)容。行政系統(tǒng)外部的制約主要是對權(quán)力清單的合法性進(jìn)行司法審查。希望通過這一系列制度的構(gòu)建,形成內(nèi)外合力,能夠?qū)?quán)力清單的運(yùn)行限制在法治的軌道內(nèi),防止其偏離設(shè)計目標(biāo),充分發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的功能。
[Abstract]:The list of powers is a beneficial attempt in the process of promoting the rule of law and deepening the reform in an all-round way. It is also an important measure to change the functions of the government and promote the reform of the administrative system. From the beginning of the list of powers to now, all levels of government and its departments have invested a lot of enthusiasm in the construction of the list of powers. At the theoretical level, many scholars have also contributed to the study of the list of powers from their respective fields and perspectives. Can say, at present our country government power list construction has obtained very good result. But at the same time, we must also admit that as a young system, there are still some problems in current theory and practice. In theory, the qualitative analysis of the power list is not uniform, and there are some difficulties and deficiencies in the implementation of the power list, which is not conducive to the effective use of the power list function. If these problems can not be solved, the subsequent construction of a series of systems can not be carried out very effectively, and there will be some difficulties in the implementation and perfection of the power list, which is likely to be reduced to a "list on paper". Therefore, starting from the practice of the list of powers and drawing on the research results of the theoretical circle on the list of powers, this paper defines the list of power as an administrative self-made rule, which has the attributes of both the organized administrative rule and the alternative administrative rule. Based on the nature of the administrative self-made rules and the research results of the discretion benchmark in the same category of administrative rules, this paper puts forward the idea of constructing the power list system. The basic content of the system is divided into two parts. One is that the construction of the discretion standard itself must be strictly based on the law and be guided by the law. The second is the introduction of other factors in the category of self-control, including the public participation in the formulation of the discretion benchmark, the accountability system for non-performance of the discretion benchmark, the explanation of the reasons system and the judicial review of the discretion benchmark, and so on. In the process of constructing the power list system, we can also draw lessons from it. That is, although the power list, as the rule of administrative self-control, emphasizes the voluntary control of the subject's own behavior, it does not mean that the power list can be separated from the restriction of the supervision mechanism. Therefore, in the construction of the power list system, we should not only regulate the self-construction of the power list, but also introduce the factor of "other system" to seek the balance between self-control and other system. In the construction of power list itself, it is necessary to strictly regulate the power and authority of the list of powers, and standardize the various elements of the power list, not only from the power combing, but also to pay attention to the dynamic updating and adjustment of the power list. Ensure that each of the powers on the list is substantiated by law. At the same time, in order to overcome its inherent limitation of "rule of rule" and "self-control", it is necessary to perfect a series of restriction mechanism of power list. Including administrative system internal constraints and administrative system external constraints two paths. The internal restriction mechanism of the administrative system mainly includes establishing the supporting responsibility list, the performance appraisal mechanism, the administrative reconsideration and so on. The external restriction of the administrative system is the judicial review of the legality of the list of powers. It is hoped that through the construction of this series of systems, the power list can be restricted to the track of rule by law, which can prevent it from deviating from the design objective and give full play to its proper function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.1
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本文編號：2021822