發(fā)布時間：2018-05-28 00:05

  本文選題：軍事刑罰 + 立法體系　； 參考：《南京大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：軍事刑罰制度是軍事刑法的一個重要組成部分,軍事刑法特殊性決定了軍事刑罰制度的特殊性。軍事刑法以維護國家軍事利益為目標,決定了軍事刑罰制度的構(gòu)建必須建立在軍事斗爭的實踐基礎上,也必須依靠深厚的刑法理論作為其理論基礎。軍事刑罰制度必須以維護國家軍事法益為首要價值目標,在運行上體現(xiàn)了軍法從嚴與戰(zhàn)時從嚴的要求。其建構(gòu)也應當吸收“敵人刑法”的價值理念以及古今中外的合理的立法模式。我國目前的軍事刑罰制度立法經(jīng)過多年的實踐證明,在很多方面已經(jīng)不能適應未來的軍事斗爭需求,也很大程度上不能適應依法治軍,懲治軍事犯罪的要求。從刑種體系上分析,直接反映為軍事刑罰刑種體系不夠完備,不能適應部隊的特殊生活方式以及軍人的法律地位。這一現(xiàn)狀也不利于平時國防建設的展開。這些問題的存在客觀上決定了我國的軍事刑罰立法體系應當做出適當?shù)男拚�。從比較法的角度來看,軍事刑法不同的立法模式也直接導致了古今中外軍事刑罰立法體系的多種多樣,軍事刑罰立法體系的重構(gòu)應當在參考這些前人成熟與優(yōu)秀的立法精神和立法規(guī)定的基礎上吸取其中的精華來為我所用。本文選取了美國、英國以及意大利等西方國家的成熟的立法例,從其立法模式、刑種體系、裁量制度、執(zhí)行體系等角度加以全面系統(tǒng)的分析并得出相關的分析結(jié)論。從法的繼承性的角度對中國近代以來的軍事法制度進行了歷史沿革分析,從中總結(jié)出軍事法制發(fā)展的內(nèi)在規(guī)律與其中穩(wěn)定的價值導向,分析其中可為我所用或者傳承的部分。從刑罰的執(zhí)行體系上來看,我國的軍事刑法在刑種體系上不完備,軍職犯罪缺乏管制刑的適用導致刑罰體系的不完整,財產(chǎn)刑的適用沒有受到應有的重視導致相關犯罪可能不能從根本上受到懲處,聲譽刑和資格刑的缺乏適用不能與軍人的法律地位相適應,也不能適應軍隊的特殊生活方式和軍隊的管理理念。同時,從立法展望的角度來看,保安處分措施,其中包括未來可能建構(gòu)的軍事行政性違法行為強制教育也應當納入軍事刑罰制度中予以規(guī)制。在執(zhí)行體系上,目前缺乏營區(qū)矯正等準社會化行刑方式,不僅與現(xiàn)行立法存在沖突,也會導致輕罪軍人不能及時有效地改正違法行為。在特別緩刑制度上,存在著與一般緩刑關系不明確、“立功”的界定不清等問題。對此,全面的加以分析并提出完善建議。在死刑的執(zhí)行上缺乏對于戰(zhàn)時死刑的特殊規(guī)定以及赦免制度的規(guī)定,這些制度的缺乏可能不能適應軍事斗爭需要。同時分析闡述了與死刑相類似的戰(zhàn)時即時處決權(quán)的建構(gòu)依據(jù)以及對其的合法性論證,從而使戰(zhàn)時的功利主義價值取向發(fā)揮到極致。最后結(jié)合訴訟法與實體法之間相互作用以及軍事指揮官作為軍事主體的地位,結(jié)合軍事斗爭的緊張環(huán)境下更加需要軍事刑法實體法與軍事刑事訴訟緊密結(jié)合關系的實際,提出了賦予軍事指揮官適當?shù)能娛滦塘P裁量權(quán)的構(gòu)想,包括裁量權(quán)的對象、范圍以及救濟等。這些措施的完善建議希望可以達到使軍事刑罰立法體系完備的效果。從而為將來的軍事斗爭服務,保障國家軍事利益并維護軍事人員的合法權(quán)益,同時促進軍事刑法理論的發(fā)展與研究的深入。
[Abstract]:The military penal system is an important part of the military criminal law. The particularity of the military criminal law determines the particularity of the military penalty system. The military criminal law is aimed at safeguarding the national military interests, and decides that the construction of the military penalty system must be based on the practice of military struggle, and must rely on the profound criminal law theory as its basis. The military penalty system must take the maintenance of the national military legal interest as the primary value target, which embodies the strict and strict requirements of military law and wartime. Its construction should also absorb the value concept of "the enemy's criminal law" and the reasonable legislative mode between the ancient and the modern and the modern and in both China and foreign countries. Practice has proved that in many respects it has not adapted to the needs of the future military struggle, but also to a large extent can not adapt to the requirements of the rule of law and the punishment of military crime. From the criminal punishment system, it is directly reflected that the system of military penalty punishment is not complete enough to adapt to the special life style of the army and the legal status of the military. It is not conducive to the development of peacetime defense construction. The existence of these problems objectively determines that the military penalty legislation system in China should be properly amended. From the perspective of comparative law, the different legislative modes of military criminal law also directly lead to a variety of military penalty legislative system, and the legislative system of military penalty. The reconstruction should be used on the basis of reference to the mature and excellent legislative spirit and legislative provisions of these predecessors. This article selects the mature legislation of the western countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and the Italy, and comprehensively and systematically from the angle of its legislative model, the system of punishment, the system of discretion and the system of execution. Analyze and draw relevant analysis conclusions. From the perspective of inheritance of law, the historical evolution of military law system in modern China has been analyzed, from which the internal law of the development of military legal system and the stable value orientation are summed up, and the part which can be used or inherited is analyzed. From the execution system of penalty, China The military criminal law is not complete in the system of punishment, the application of the lack of control punishment for military and vocational crimes leads to the incomplete punishment system, the application of property punishment is not due to due attention and the related crime may not be fundamentally punished. The lack of application of reputation punishment and qualification penalty can not be adapted to the legal status of the military and can not be suitable for the military. At the same time, from the perspective of the legislature, from the perspective of the legislation, the security measures, including the possible military administrative law compulsory education which may be constructed in the future, should also be included in the military penalty system. In the implementation system, there is a lack of quasi socialized execution, such as camp correction. The way, not only conflicts with the current legislation, but also causes the misdemeanor to correct the illegal activities in time and effectively. In the special probation system, there are some problems with the unclear relationship between the general probation and the definition of "the meritorious service". This is a comprehensive analysis and suggestions for the execution of the death penalty. The special provisions of punishment and the provisions of the pardon system, the lack of these systems may not be able to adapt to the needs of the military struggle. At the same time, it analyses and expounds the construction basis of the right of immediate execution in wartime similar to the death penalty and the proof of its legitimacy, thus making the utilitarianism value orientation in wartime to the extreme. Finally, it combines the litigation law and the reality. The interaction between the body and law and the position of the military commanders as the main body of the military, combined with the reality that the military criminal law and the military criminal proceedings are more closely connected with the military criminal law under the tense environment of the military struggle, the idea of giving military commanders appropriate discretion of the military penalty, including the object, scope and scope of the discretion, is put forward. The suggestions for the improvement of these measures are expected to achieve the complete effect of the military penalty legislative system, thus serving the future military struggle, safeguarding the national military interests and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the military personnel, and promoting the development and research of the military criminal law theory.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：E266

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本文編號：1944363