本文選題：機動車強制責任保險 + 第三人　； 參考：《大連海事大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在機動車交通事故頻頻發(fā)生的現代社會里,機動車強制責任保險對于保障因機動車交通事故而遭致?lián)p害的受害人的合法利益以及促進交通安全方面都具有重要意義。目前,全世界85%以上的國家和地區(qū)已經設立并且施行了機動車強制責任保險制度。明確賦予機動車強制責任保險中第三人的直接請求權是確保受害人及時獲得保險金的設立目的的直接體現。我國的機動車強制責任保險制度以《中華人民共和國道路交通安全法》與《機動車交通事故責任強制保險條例》為支撐,已經于幾年前初步建立,但是因為保險法發(fā)展的滯后以及司法實踐經驗的缺乏,我國的機動車強制責任保險制度的設計仍然存在缺陷,其中第三人范圍規(guī)定不當最為顯著。以保護受害人的合法利益為立足點和出發(fā)點,本文分為五部分,對我國機動車強制責任保險制度存在的問題以及如何完善進行論述,如下：第一部分是對機動車強制責任保險進行界定。明確機動車強制責任保險的基本概念,并對機動車強制責任保險的特征進行歸納。為了更加明晰機動車強制責任保險的鮮明特征,本文還對機動車強制責任保險與機動車商業(yè)責任保險進行了比較。第二部分是主要論述機動車強制責任保險中的“第三人”。先從第三人的概念入手,再探討第三人的法律地位以及范圍,最后對第三人取得直接請求權的法律依據和基礎理論進行研究。第三部分主要探討我國機動車強制責任保險中的第三人直接請求權如何行使的問題。通過對機動車強制責任保險中第三人直接請求權行使的條件、行使的內容以及行使的限制的論述,以此來探究我國機動車強制責任保險中的第三人直接請求權制度設立的不足與缺陷。第四部分主要介紹其他國家和地區(qū)關于機動車強制責任保險中的第三人直接請求權的具體規(guī)定,主要包括英美法系的英國、美國和大陸法系的法國、德國、日本以及我國臺灣地區(qū)。通過介紹上述國家和地區(qū)的有益經驗,彌補我國機動車強制責任保險中的第三人直接請求權規(guī)定的不足。第五部分主要根據我國現行法律的明文規(guī)定和司法實踐經驗,借鑒他國和地區(qū)的有關做法,對機動車強制責任保險中第三人直接請求權規(guī)定進行完善。首先完善強制投保機動車強制責任保險的規(guī)定,確保機動車強制責任保險的全面覆蓋。適當擴大機動車強制責任保險中的第三人的范圍,將無權使用人列入機動車強制責任保險的被保險人的范圍,對機動車強制責任保險中的第三人直接請求權的內容進行完善,最后對構建機動車強制責任保險中的第三人直接請求權配套制度提出具體建議。
[Abstract]:In the modern society where motor vehicle traffic accidents occur frequently, the compulsory liability insurance of motor vehicles plays an important role in protecting the legitimate interests of the victims who have been injured by motor vehicle traffic accidents and in promoting traffic safety. At present, more than 85% countries and regions in the world have established and implemented compulsory liability insurance system for motor vehicles. The direct claim of the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance is the direct embodiment of the purpose of ensuring the victim to get the insurance money in time. The compulsory liability insurance system for motor vehicles in China, supported by the Road Traffic Safety Law of the people's Republic of China and the regulations on compulsory Insurance for Motor vehicle Traffic Accidents, was initially established a few years ago. However, due to the lag of the development of insurance law and the lack of judicial practical experience, the design of compulsory liability insurance system for motor vehicles in China is still flawed, among which the improper regulation of the scope of the third party is the most obvious. In order to protect the legitimate interests of the victims as the foothold and starting point, this paper is divided into five parts, the problems of China's motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance system and how to improve it are discussed. The first part is the definition of compulsory liability insurance for motor vehicles. Make clear the basic concept of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, and summarize the characteristics of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. In order to better understand the distinct characteristics of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, this paper also compares motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance with motor vehicle commercial liability insurance. The second part mainly discusses the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. This paper begins with the concept of the third party, then discusses the legal status and scope of the third party, and finally studies the legal basis and basic theory of the third party to obtain the right of direct claim. The third part mainly discusses how to exercise the third party's direct claim in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. This paper discusses the conditions, contents and restrictions of the exercise of the third party's right of direct claim in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. In order to explore our motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance in the establishment of the third party direct claim system deficiencies and defects. The fourth part mainly introduces the specific provisions of other countries and regions on the right of direct claim of the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, mainly including the United Kingdom, the United States and France, Germany, the United States and the continental law system. Japan and Taiwan. By introducing the beneficial experiences of the above countries and regions, this paper makes up for the deficiency of the direct claim right of the third party in the motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance in our country. The fifth part mainly according to the current law of our country and judicial practice experience, learn from the relevant practices of other countries and regions, motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance in the direct claim of the third party to improve the provisions. First of all, improve the compulsory motor vehicle liability insurance provisions to ensure the full coverage of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance. Appropriate expansion of the scope of the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, the inclusion of unauthorized users in the scope of the insured in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, and the perfection of the content of the direct claim of the third party in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance, At last, some suggestions are put forward to construct the matching system of the third party's direct claim in motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.14

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本文編號：1814727