本文選題：網(wǎng)約出租車服務(wù) + 行政規(guī)制　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：網(wǎng)約出租車平臺(tái)通過(guò)整合供需信息,對(duì)符合條件的車輛和駕駛員進(jìn)行派單,從而滿足公眾的出行需求,即非巡游式的網(wǎng)約出租汽車服務(wù)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約租車經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)是新型交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息服務(wù),不能簡(jiǎn)單的將其歸于傳統(tǒng)的出租車加互聯(lián)網(wǎng)預(yù)約。網(wǎng)約出租車牽涉到公共出行安全、國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控以及公民人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)安全等事項(xiàng),這些都隸屬于法律規(guī)定的行政批準(zhǔn)的事項(xiàng);因此,對(duì)于網(wǎng)約出租車行業(yè)這一特定行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入,需要確定從業(yè)人員具備熟練技能資格、網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)需具有一定的自我審查,管控能力,并且車輛也應(yīng)符合安全性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以這些都需要有一定的技術(shù)或行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為該行業(yè)的準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)桿,對(duì)欲參與經(jīng)營(yíng)者進(jìn)行審定從而保障公眾的出行安全,降低危害發(fā)生的可能性。因此,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租車行業(yè)進(jìn)行管制是有必要的。部分學(xué)者主張的管控導(dǎo)向?yàn)椤耙坏肚小毙凸芩?但是這從根本上違背了市場(chǎng)自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的原則。事實(shí)上,通過(guò)制度優(yōu)化或制度改進(jìn)可以解決其初期產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題。《網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)管理暫行辦法》的出臺(tái)從源頭上對(duì)巡游出租車和網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租車進(jìn)行了差異化的經(jīng)營(yíng)劃分,從而確定了網(wǎng)約車與巡游車不同的服務(wù)定位,這樣不僅能一定程度的緩解兩個(gè)利益群體間的緊張關(guān)系和社會(huì)負(fù)面情緒,還能有效的規(guī)范整體市場(chǎng)價(jià)格體系。但是,《網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)管理暫行辦法》是部門規(guī)章立法,應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格遵守上位法的規(guī)定,不能法外設(shè)定權(quán)力。本文依照《立法法》及《行政許可法》的相關(guān)規(guī)定,對(duì)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)管理暫行辦法》中的行政許可的設(shè)定權(quán)、規(guī)定權(quán)的基本理論進(jìn)行合法性分析,探討全國(guó)各地出臺(tái)的網(wǎng)約車實(shí)施細(xì)則中存在的問(wèn)題,兼論通過(guò)行政立法的規(guī)制手段應(yīng)遵循的原則,從而提出網(wǎng)約車規(guī)制制度優(yōu)化的兩個(gè)方向:在立法上嚴(yán)守立法程序的規(guī)定,并取消歧視性規(guī)定使得行政立法的內(nèi)容合法化。在制定規(guī)則之初中央行政部門應(yīng)進(jìn)行成本效益分析,制度實(shí)施落實(shí)后應(yīng)建立動(dòng)態(tài)的政策評(píng)估機(jī)制,逐步放松管制。將公法手段與私法手段相結(jié)合,從目的上實(shí)現(xiàn)各方利益的平衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)有效配置現(xiàn)有資源的目的,以期為網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車行業(yè)合法合規(guī)發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:By integrating the information of supply and demand, the Net-Joy Taxi platform sends orders to the qualified vehicles and drivers to meet the travel needs of the public, that is, the off-tour taxi service.As a new type of transportation network information service, the network booking service can not be simply attributed to the traditional taxi and internet booking.Internet taxis involve public travel safety, state macro-control, citizens' personal and property safety, and other matters, all of which are subject to the administrative approval provided by law; therefore,For the market access of Net-Joy Taxi industry, it is necessary to determine that the employees have skilled skills qualifications, that the ride-hailing platform should have certain self-examination, control ability, and that the vehicle should also meet the safety standards.Therefore, all these need to have certain technology or industry standards as the entry benchmark of the industry, the operators who want to participate in the examination and approval in order to protect the public travel safety, reduce the possibility of harm.Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the online taxi booking industry.Some scholars argue that the control direction is "one size fits all" management, but this fundamentally violates the principle of free market competition.In fact,Through system optimization or system improvement, the initial problems can be solved. The introduction of the interim measures for the Management of online booking Taxi Business Service has carried out a differentiated business division between cruise taxis and online reserved taxis from the source.Thus, the different service positioning of the network car and the cruise car is determined, which can not only alleviate the tension and negative social emotion between the two interest groups to a certain extent, but also effectively standardize the whole market price system.However, the interim measures for the Management of Network booking Taxi Service is a department regulation and legislation, which should strictly abide by the provisions of the upper law, and cannot establish the power outside the law.In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Legislative Law and the Administrative Licensing Law, this paper analyzes the legitimacy of the basic theory of the establishment of the administrative license and the prescribed power in the interim measures for the Administration of the online booking Taxi Operation Service.This paper probes into the problems existing in the detailed rules for the implementation of net-chartering in various parts of the country, and also discusses the principles to be followed by the means of regulation through administrative legislation, and thus puts forward two directions for optimizing the regulation system of net-chartering: strictly observing the provisions of the legislative procedure in legislation,And the elimination of discriminatory provisions to legalize the content of administrative legislation.At the beginning of making the rules, the central administrative department should carry out the cost-benefit analysis, and after the implementation of the system, a dynamic policy evaluation mechanism should be set up, and the control should be gradually deregulated.Combining the means of public law and private law to achieve the balance of the interests of all parties and the purpose of effective allocation of existing resources in order to contribute to the legal and compliance development of the online taxi booking industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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