本文選題：農(nóng)村　切入點：宅基地　出處：《安徽大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自我國實行改革開放政策以來,隨著新農(nóng)村建設的發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化的進步,大量農(nóng)村人口遷往城鎮(zhèn)居住、生活和就業(yè),這樣導致了農(nóng)村地區(qū)大量宅基地的閑置現(xiàn)象。與此同時,農(nóng)村中“一戶多宅”、超標占用宅基地的情況也非常普遍。因此,城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村建設用地呈現(xiàn)雙向不利擴張的情況,由此導致的耕地保護形勢非常嚴峻。宅基地制度最初是建立在計劃經(jīng)濟時代,帶有強烈的社會福利保障色彩,在中國的土地制度變革和發(fā)展之中,對于維護農(nóng)村地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定、促進經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展起到了明顯的保障作用。但是隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,城市化和工業(yè)化進行不斷加快,社會正在發(fā)生轉型,現(xiàn)存的宅基地制度既缺失一種有效的流通機制,也缺失一種行之有效退出機制,不利于我國經(jīng)濟的長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。因而,我國亟需探索建立和完善宅基地制度的退出路徑,完善宅基地的退出和補償機制,以此來促進宅基地的物盡其用,高效整合有限的土地資源。 鑒于我國目前的具體國情,有必要完善宅基地的退出機制,解決當前宅基地流轉制度的局限性,以此來優(yōu)化土地資源的配置,高效利用土地資源。首先應對宅基地的基本概念、宅基地使用權以及宅基地退出機制的涵義與法律特征的做出詳細的理論闡釋,并將宅基地的退出機制關聯(lián)的理論研究作為鋪墊,討論與宅基地相關權利的產(chǎn)權理論、制度變遷理論和平等物權保護、物權法定理論進而研究宅基地制度背后的法理支撐,然后對我國宅基地退出中的現(xiàn)狀和問題及其成因做出明確的剖析,明確宅基地退出方式的選擇和退出機制的構建要求,并對宅基地的退出機制提出合理化的建議,從立法層面進一步強化宅基地使用權的物權性質(zhì)、建立農(nóng)戶主動退出宅基地的激勵機制和補償機制、彌補宅基地退出機制相配套的農(nóng)村社會保障制度的缺失、正確把握宅基地退出過程中的各方利益的分配與平衡、在尊重農(nóng)民意愿、堅持以人為本的前提下兼顧公平與效率,以此來優(yōu)化配置土地資源。 宅基地的退出機制的建立和完善,首先能夠使得閑置荒廢的土地重新得到利用,這就相應的緩解了耕地保護的壓力,充分利用宅基地閑置資源,能夠有效拓展土地空間,緩解社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的土地需求。其次,宅基地的退出機制的建立可以起到維護社會穩(wěn)定的巨大作用,并能夠最大限度的保護農(nóng)民權益。.完善相關利益分配,使得農(nóng)民實實在在享受城鎮(zhèn)化建設的福利。再次,宅基地的退出機制的建立是統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、城鄉(xiāng)一體化的重要舉措。農(nóng)戶可以享受更加適宜的生活環(huán)境和居住條件,以及相配套的服務設施和醫(yī)療設施。最后,宅基地的退出機制的建立和完善,可以進一步提高并改善居住和生活環(huán)境,節(jié)約政府基礎設施建設成本,為社會主義新農(nóng)村的建設奠定堅實的基礎。
[Abstract]:With the development of new rural construction and the progress of urbanization, a large number of rural people have moved to live, live and work in cities and towns since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world in our country, which has led to the idle phenomenon of a large number of homestead in rural areas. In rural areas, "one family with many homes" is also very common. Therefore, urban and rural construction land shows a two-way unfavorable expansion. As a result, the situation of cultivated land protection is very severe. The homestead system was initially established in the planned economy era, with a strong sense of social welfare protection. In the process of the reform and development of China's land system, it is of great importance to maintain the stability of rural areas. But with the development of social economy, urbanization and industrialization are accelerating, the society is undergoing transformation, and the existing homestead system lacks an effective circulation mechanism. There is also a lack of an effective exit mechanism, which is not conducive to the long-term and stable development of our economy. Therefore, it is urgent for our country to explore the exit path to establish and improve the homestead system, and to perfect the withdrawal and compensation mechanism of the homestead. In order to promote the use of housing land, efficient integration of limited land resources. In view of the current situation of our country, it is necessary to perfect the exit mechanism of the homestead, solve the limitation of the current homestead circulation system, and optimize the allocation of the land resources. First of all, the basic concept of homestead, the right to use homestead and the meaning and legal characteristics of Homestead withdrawal mechanism should be explained in detail. And taking the theoretical research of the exiting mechanism of the homestead as the pawn, discussing the theory of property right, the theory of institutional change and the protection of the equal real right, and the theory of the legal theory behind the homestead system, and then studying the legal support behind the homestead system. Then it makes a clear analysis of the current situation, problems and causes of homestead withdrawal in our country, clarifies the choice of homestead exit mode and the construction requirements of exiting mechanism, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions to the exiting mechanism of homestead. From the legislative level further strengthen the real right nature of the right to use the homestead, establish the incentive mechanism and compensation mechanism for farmers to withdraw from the homestead voluntarily, and make up for the lack of the rural social security system which is matched by the homestead withdrawal mechanism. In order to optimize the allocation of land resources, we should correctly grasp the distribution and balance of the interests of all parties in the process of homestead withdrawal, respect the will of farmers and adhere to the premise of taking the people as the basis to give consideration to fairness and efficiency. With the establishment and perfection of the exit mechanism of the homestead, the idle and abandoned land can be reused, which relieves the pressure of cultivated land protection, makes full use of the idle resources of the homestead, and can effectively expand the land space. To alleviate the land demand in the social and economic development. Secondly, the establishment of the withdrawal mechanism of the homestead can play a great role in maintaining social stability, and it can maximize the protection of farmers' rights and interests, and improve the distribution of related interests. So that farmers can really enjoy the benefits of urbanization. Thirdly, the establishment of an exit mechanism for homestead is an important measure to coordinate the economic development of urban and rural areas and to integrate urban and rural areas. Farmers can enjoy a more suitable living environment and living conditions. Finally, the establishment and improvement of the exit mechanism of the homestead can further improve the living and living environment, and save the cost of government infrastructure construction. For the construction of a new socialist countryside to lay a solid foundation.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.32

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