發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-15 10:20

  本文選題：社會(huì)救助權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：基本權(quán)利　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：社會(huì)救助權(quán)作為公民一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利,遵循了“社會(huì)歸因——權(quán)利本位——國(guó)家義務(wù)”的價(jià)值理念,已被許多國(guó)家用憲法規(guī)范的形式予以確認(rèn)。從憲法“公民權(quán)利——國(guó)家義務(wù)”的結(jié)構(gòu)模式看,社會(huì)救助權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)必需仰仗國(guó)家義務(wù)的切實(shí)履行。就社會(huì)救助權(quán)國(guó)家義務(wù)的體系構(gòu)成而占,其內(nèi)容涵攝具有層進(jìn)關(guān)系的國(guó)家尊重義務(wù)、國(guó)家保護(hù)義務(wù)和國(guó)家給付義務(wù)三個(gè)重要組成部分。國(guó)家尊重義務(wù)和國(guó)家保護(hù)義務(wù)是典型的自由法治國(guó)義務(wù),主要在于保障公民社會(huì)救助權(quán)的現(xiàn)有利益；而國(guó)家給付義務(wù)則是社會(huì)法治國(guó)義務(wù),主要在于增進(jìn)公民社會(huì)救助權(quán)的潛在利益。尊重義務(wù)作為國(guó)家保障社會(huì)救助權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的首要義務(wù),其核心價(jià)值追求在于如何讓社會(huì)弱勢(shì)群體摒除自身特有的“污名”、“歧視”、“恩賜”等時(shí)代烙印,到正真享有“尊嚴(yán)”、“平等”、“自由”的社會(huì)救助。國(guó)家保護(hù)義務(wù)是社會(huì)救助權(quán)保障的基本內(nèi)涵,國(guó)家對(duì)公民社會(huì)救助權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)有預(yù)防、排除與救濟(jì)三個(gè)層次的保護(hù)義務(wù)。社會(huì)救助權(quán)國(guó)家保護(hù)義務(wù)存在不同的審查基準(zhǔn),在審查“國(guó)家如何盡到保護(hù)義務(wù)”時(shí),應(yīng)以“過(guò)度禁止”作為侵害的界限,以“不足禁止”作為保障的底線；在審查“國(guó)家應(yīng)保護(hù)到什么程度”時(shí),應(yīng)以實(shí)現(xiàn)公平自由為上限,以體現(xiàn)人性尊嚴(yán)為下限。國(guó)家給付義務(wù)是社會(huì)救助權(quán)保障的本質(zhì)核心,對(duì)其基準(zhǔn)的度量涉及給付范圍、給付上限和給付下限三個(gè)維度要素。給付范圍是從橫向角度對(duì)社會(huì)救助權(quán)國(guó)家給付義務(wù)基準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行度量,可以決定社會(huì)救助權(quán)具體國(guó)家給付義務(wù)是否在場(chǎng)以及在場(chǎng)的排序問(wèn)題；而給付上限和給付下限兩個(gè)維度則是在給付范圍的語(yǔ)境下,從縱向的視角來(lái)度量社會(huì)救助權(quán)國(guó)家給付義務(wù)的基準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題。社會(huì)救助權(quán)國(guó)家義務(wù)的履行表現(xiàn)為立法履行、行政履行以及司法履行三種形式,立法履行最終要落實(shí)在憲法、法律、法規(guī)等具體制度的構(gòu)建,行政履行則為公民實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)救助權(quán)提供了公正性與程序性的路徑安排,而司法履行則是針對(duì)社會(huì)救助權(quán)遭遇不法侵害所給予必要的司法救濟(jì)手段。
[Abstract]:As a basic right of citizens, the right to social assistance follows the value concept of "social attribution-right standard-state obligation". Has been recognized by many countries in the form of constitutional norms. The realization of the right to social assistance must depend on the effective implementation of the obligations of the state. The duty of state protection and the obligation of state payment are three important parts. The duty of state respect and obligation of protection are typical obligations of governing the country by free law, which mainly lies in the protection of the existing interests of the right of civil society assistance; The obligation of state payment is the duty of governing the country by social law, which mainly lies in the promotion of the potential benefits of the right of civil society assistance. The obligation to respect is regarded as the primary obligation of the state to guarantee the realization of the right of social assistance. The pursuit of its core value lies in how to make the disadvantaged groups of society get rid of their own unique "stigma", "discrimination", "gift" and so on. To truly enjoy "dignity", "equality" and "freedom", the state duty of protection is the basic connotation of the protection of the right to social assistance, and the state has the responsibility to prevent the realization of the right of civil society assistance. Three levels of protection obligations are excluded and relief. There are different criteria for the examination of the national obligation of protection of the right to social assistance. When examining "how the State fulfils the obligation of protection", it should take "excessive prohibition" as the limit of infringement. Taking "insufficient prohibition" as the bottom line of security; when examining "how far the State should be protected", the upper limit should be the realization of fair and free rights, and the minimum limit should be the realization of human dignity. The obligation of the State to pay is the essential core of the guarantee of the right to social assistance. The measurement of its benchmark involves the scope of payment, the upper limit and the lower limit of payment, and the scope of payment is to measure the standard of payment obligation of the country with social assistance right from the horizontal angle. It is possible to determine whether the obligation to pay is present or not and whether it is present, while the two dimensions of the upper and lower limits of payment are in the context of the scope of payment. From a vertical angle of view to measure the social relief right of the state to pay the benchmark problem. Social relief rights of the performance of the state obligations for the legislative performance, administrative performance and judicial performance of three forms, the legislative performance of the final implementation of the Constitution, the law, With the construction of specific systems such as laws and regulations, administrative performance provides a fair and procedural path arrangement for citizens to realize the right to social assistance, and judicial performance is a necessary judicial remedy for the illegal infringement of social relief rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D921;D922.182.3
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本文編號(hào)：1615599