發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-13 14:25

  本文選題：過渡時(shí)間　切入點(diǎn)：工作時(shí)間　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：勞動(dòng)基準(zhǔn)作為國(guó)家以強(qiáng)制性規(guī)范規(guī)定的關(guān)于工資、工時(shí)、休息休假、勞動(dòng)安全衛(wèi)生、女職工和未成年工特殊保護(hù)等方面的最低勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是保障勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益的一條不可逾越的底線,也是使勞動(dòng)者體面生存的最低要求。工時(shí)制度作為勞動(dòng)基準(zhǔn)的主要內(nèi)容對(duì)于勞動(dòng)關(guān)系的發(fā)展有著極為重要的意義。根據(jù)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行勞動(dòng)立法的規(guī)定,我國(guó)目前有三種工作時(shí)間制度,分別是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)制、綜合計(jì)算工時(shí)制以及不定時(shí)工時(shí)制。我國(guó)工時(shí)制度對(duì)于工作時(shí)間和休息時(shí)間的劃分,一方面影響著勞動(dòng)者的工作權(quán)和勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬,另一方面也影響著勞動(dòng)者的休息權(quán)及健康權(quán)。隨著以服務(wù)型企業(yè)為主的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起,以及越來越多的企業(yè)實(shí)行綜合計(jì)算工時(shí)制和不定時(shí)工作制,工作時(shí)間與休息時(shí)間之間的界限愈發(fā)模糊,實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生了諸多過渡時(shí)間,由于我國(guó)相關(guān)法律規(guī)定過于簡(jiǎn)單,難以對(duì)紛繁復(fù)雜的過渡時(shí)間的法律性質(zhì)進(jìn)行合理認(rèn)定,又由于勞動(dòng)者在勞動(dòng)關(guān)系中天然的處于弱勢(shì)地位,其合法權(quán)益往往受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。本文在比較法的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)收集整理的實(shí)證資料(主要以空中乘務(wù)員及其備份飛行制度為例),以過渡時(shí)間的法律性質(zhì)為研究重點(diǎn),對(duì)各種情況特殊的過渡時(shí)間進(jìn)行分析研究,并試圖構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)定過渡時(shí)間法律性質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文首先確立了二元結(jié)構(gòu)的工時(shí)制度作為對(duì)過渡時(shí)間法律性質(zhì)認(rèn)定的前提,并介紹和分析了我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)、美國(guó)、英國(guó)以及德國(guó)的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對(duì)于特殊情況下的過渡時(shí)間的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在文章的第二部分,對(duì)實(shí)踐中的幾種特殊情況下的過渡時(shí)間進(jìn)行了辨析。對(duì)于計(jì)時(shí)制工資勞動(dòng)者的過渡時(shí)間主要以空中乘務(wù)人員為例,主要介紹了正常飛行任務(wù)和備份飛行制度中產(chǎn)生的過渡時(shí)間,實(shí)踐中對(duì)此類過渡時(shí)間的認(rèn)定和處理嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了勞動(dòng)者的休息權(quán)和勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬權(quán)。對(duì)于不當(dāng)解雇勞動(dòng)者的過渡時(shí)間,筆者以勞動(dòng)關(guān)系的非正常中止為切入點(diǎn),對(duì)勞雇雙方的責(zé)任劃分進(jìn)行了具體分析。由于實(shí)際情況的多樣性以及影響因素的復(fù)雜性,過渡時(shí)間往往兼有工作時(shí)間和休息時(shí)間的特征,特別是受市場(chǎng)周期波動(dòng)影響較大的企業(yè),因其在供求信息等方面的不確定性,使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)制在這樣的企業(yè)中難以實(shí)行。綜合工時(shí)制和不定時(shí)工時(shí)制以靈活性和適應(yīng)性見長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)亦難以回避其復(fù)雜和不穩(wěn)定的固有缺陷。因此在文章的第三部分,筆者以比較法為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)過渡時(shí)間性質(zhì)的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建,形成以外在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為主、內(nèi)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為輔的,層次遞進(jìn)的過渡時(shí)間性質(zhì)的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以應(yīng)對(duì)特殊的工作時(shí)間制度及愈發(fā)復(fù)雜的用工形式。最后,筆者也就工間歇息時(shí)間以及過渡時(shí)間內(nèi)工資支付等由過渡時(shí)間衍生的問題提出了處理思路,試圖進(jìn)一步彌補(bǔ)這一領(lǐng)域的法律空白,以促進(jìn)我國(guó)勞動(dòng)關(guān)系的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The labor benchmark is the minimum labor standard stipulated by the State in terms of wages, working hours, rest and leave, labour safety and health, special protection for female workers and underage workers, etc. Is an insurmountable bottom line to protect the rights and interests of workers. It is also the minimum requirement for the decent existence of the laborer. As the main content of the labor standard, the working hour system is of great significance for the development of the labor relations. At present, there are three kinds of working time system in our country, namely, standard working hour system, comprehensive calculation working hour system and irregular working hour system. On the one hand, it affects workers' right to work and remuneration, on the other hand, it also affects workers' right to rest and right to health. And more and more enterprises implement the comprehensive calculation time system and the irregular work system, the boundary between the working time and the rest time becomes more and more blurred, and many transitional times are produced in practice, because the relevant laws and regulations of our country are too simple, It is difficult to reasonably identify the legal nature of the complicated transition period, and because workers are naturally in a weak position in labor relations, their legitimate rights and interests are often seriously damaged. According to the empirical data collected (mainly taking flight attendants and their backup flight systems as an example, and taking the legal nature of the transition time as the focus of the study, this paper analyzes and studies the special transition time in various circumstances. This paper first establishes the dualistic structure of the man-hour system as the premise of the legal nature of the transitional time, and introduces and analyzes the Taiwan area of China, the United States. The criteria for determining the transitional time in special circumstances in the relevant laws and regulations of the United Kingdom and Germany. In the second part of the article, This paper discriminates and analyzes the transition time in several special cases in practice. The transition time of hourly wage workers is mainly taken as an example of air crew, and the transition time produced in normal flight mission and backup flight system is mainly introduced. In practice, the identification and treatment of such transitional time seriously impairs the workers' right to rest and remuneration. For the transitional period of improper dismissal of workers, the author takes the abnormal suspension of labor relations as the starting point. The division of responsibilities between workers and employers is analyzed concretely. Due to the diversity of the actual situation and the complexity of the influencing factors, the transition time often has the characteristics of both working time and rest time. In particular, enterprises affected by market cycle fluctuations are uncertain in terms of supply and demand information, It is difficult to implement the standard man-hour system in such an enterprise. The integrated man-hour system and the irregular man-hour system are flexible and adaptable, and it is difficult to avoid their inherent defects of complexity and instability. Therefore, in the third part of the article, On the basis of comparative method, the author systematically constructs the criterion of determining the nature of transition time, and forms the standard of identifying the nature of transition time, which is mainly based on external standards and supplemented by internal standards. In order to deal with the special working time system and the increasingly complex employment forms, the author also puts forward some solutions to the problems arising from the transition time, such as the rest time between work and the payment of wages during the transition period. In order to promote the harmonious development of labor relations in China, this paper tries to make up the legal gap in this field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.5

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