本文選題：過渡時間　切入點：工作時間　出處：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：勞動基準作為國家以強制性規(guī)范規(guī)定的關(guān)于工資、工時、休息休假、勞動安全衛(wèi)生、女職工和未成年工特殊保護等方面的最低勞動標準,是保障勞動者權(quán)益的一條不可逾越的底線,也是使勞動者體面生存的最低要求。工時制度作為勞動基準的主要內(nèi)容對于勞動關(guān)系的發(fā)展有著極為重要的意義。根據(jù)我國現(xiàn)行勞動立法的規(guī)定,我國目前有三種工作時間制度,分別是標準工時制、綜合計算工時制以及不定時工時制。我國工時制度對于工作時間和休息時間的劃分,一方面影響著勞動者的工作權(quán)和勞動報酬,另一方面也影響著勞動者的休息權(quán)及健康權(quán)。隨著以服務型企業(yè)為主的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起,以及越來越多的企業(yè)實行綜合計算工時制和不定時工作制,工作時間與休息時間之間的界限愈發(fā)模糊,實踐中產(chǎn)生了諸多過渡時間,由于我國相關(guān)法律規(guī)定過于簡單,難以對紛繁復雜的過渡時間的法律性質(zhì)進行合理認定,又由于勞動者在勞動關(guān)系中天然的處于弱勢地位,其合法權(quán)益往往受到嚴重損害。本文在比較法的基礎上,根據(jù)收集整理的實證資料(主要以空中乘務員及其備份飛行制度為例),以過渡時間的法律性質(zhì)為研究重點,對各種情況特殊的過渡時間進行分析研究,并試圖構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的認定過渡時間法律性質(zhì)的標準。本文首先確立了二元結(jié)構(gòu)的工時制度作為對過渡時間法律性質(zhì)認定的前提,并介紹和分析了我國臺灣地區(qū)、美國、英國以及德國的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對于特殊情況下的過渡時間的認定標準。在文章的第二部分,對實踐中的幾種特殊情況下的過渡時間進行了辨析。對于計時制工資勞動者的過渡時間主要以空中乘務人員為例,主要介紹了正常飛行任務和備份飛行制度中產(chǎn)生的過渡時間,實踐中對此類過渡時間的認定和處理嚴重損害了勞動者的休息權(quán)和勞動報酬權(quán)。對于不當解雇勞動者的過渡時間,筆者以勞動關(guān)系的非正常中止為切入點,對勞雇雙方的責任劃分進行了具體分析。由于實際情況的多樣性以及影響因素的復雜性,過渡時間往往兼有工作時間和休息時間的特征,特別是受市場周期波動影響較大的企業(yè),因其在供求信息等方面的不確定性,使標準工時制在這樣的企業(yè)中難以實行。綜合工時制和不定時工時制以靈活性和適應性見長的同時亦難以回避其復雜和不穩(wěn)定的固有缺陷。因此在文章的第三部分,筆者以比較法為基礎對過渡時間性質(zhì)的認定標準進行了系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建,形成以外在標準為主、內(nèi)在標準為輔的,層次遞進的過渡時間性質(zhì)的認定標準,以應對特殊的工作時間制度及愈發(fā)復雜的用工形式。最后,筆者也就工間歇息時間以及過渡時間內(nèi)工資支付等由過渡時間衍生的問題提出了處理思路,試圖進一步彌補這一領域的法律空白,以促進我國勞動關(guān)系的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The labor benchmark is the minimum labor standard stipulated by the State in terms of wages, working hours, rest and leave, labour safety and health, special protection for female workers and underage workers, etc. Is an insurmountable bottom line to protect the rights and interests of workers. It is also the minimum requirement for the decent existence of the laborer. As the main content of the labor standard, the working hour system is of great significance for the development of the labor relations. At present, there are three kinds of working time system in our country, namely, standard working hour system, comprehensive calculation working hour system and irregular working hour system. On the one hand, it affects workers' right to work and remuneration, on the other hand, it also affects workers' right to rest and right to health. And more and more enterprises implement the comprehensive calculation time system and the irregular work system, the boundary between the working time and the rest time becomes more and more blurred, and many transitional times are produced in practice, because the relevant laws and regulations of our country are too simple, It is difficult to reasonably identify the legal nature of the complicated transition period, and because workers are naturally in a weak position in labor relations, their legitimate rights and interests are often seriously damaged. According to the empirical data collected (mainly taking flight attendants and their backup flight systems as an example, and taking the legal nature of the transition time as the focus of the study, this paper analyzes and studies the special transition time in various circumstances. This paper first establishes the dualistic structure of the man-hour system as the premise of the legal nature of the transitional time, and introduces and analyzes the Taiwan area of China, the United States. The criteria for determining the transitional time in special circumstances in the relevant laws and regulations of the United Kingdom and Germany. In the second part of the article, This paper discriminates and analyzes the transition time in several special cases in practice. The transition time of hourly wage workers is mainly taken as an example of air crew, and the transition time produced in normal flight mission and backup flight system is mainly introduced. In practice, the identification and treatment of such transitional time seriously impairs the workers' right to rest and remuneration. For the transitional period of improper dismissal of workers, the author takes the abnormal suspension of labor relations as the starting point. The division of responsibilities between workers and employers is analyzed concretely. Due to the diversity of the actual situation and the complexity of the influencing factors, the transition time often has the characteristics of both working time and rest time. In particular, enterprises affected by market cycle fluctuations are uncertain in terms of supply and demand information, It is difficult to implement the standard man-hour system in such an enterprise. The integrated man-hour system and the irregular man-hour system are flexible and adaptable, and it is difficult to avoid their inherent defects of complexity and instability. Therefore, in the third part of the article, On the basis of comparative method, the author systematically constructs the criterion of determining the nature of transition time, and forms the standard of identifying the nature of transition time, which is mainly based on external standards and supplemented by internal standards. In order to deal with the special working time system and the increasingly complex employment forms, the author also puts forward some solutions to the problems arising from the transition time, such as the rest time between work and the payment of wages during the transition period. In order to promote the harmonious development of labor relations in China, this paper tries to make up the legal gap in this field.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.5

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