本文選題：南海　切入點(diǎn)：低敏感領(lǐng)域　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前南海漁業(yè)資源不斷衰竭，基于南海海域半封閉的特性，漁業(yè)資源遭到破壞以后很難從其他海域得到補(bǔ)充，因此南海周邊國(guó)家的養(yǎng)護(hù)就顯得尤其重要。只有南海周邊國(guó)家共同合作，才有可能建立起南海國(guó)家漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作機(jī)制。雖然南海國(guó)家之間的主權(quán)爭(zhēng)議尚未解決，海域劃界也仍未完成，但近年來(lái)各國(guó)漸漸認(rèn)識(shí)到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，考慮到漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作是南海低敏感領(lǐng)域合作的重要方面，其不僅有助于南海漁業(yè)資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，更可助力于南海僵局的破解。因此，對(duì)南海漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作機(jī)制做進(jìn)一步的研究，為我國(guó)日后與南海周邊國(guó)家建立雙邊協(xié)定提供理論上的建議，也為我國(guó)漁業(yè)法律制度的修訂和漁業(yè)配額制度的完善提供參考。 全文主要分成五部分對(duì)南海漁業(yè)養(yǎng)護(hù)合作機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究。第一部分，首先是解釋了為什么需要構(gòu)建南海漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)制，主要是從魚(yú)類種群自身、漁業(yè)科研技術(shù)和漁業(yè)執(zhí)法三方面進(jìn)行闡述。接著論述了南海漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)制構(gòu)建的意義，即南海漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作屬于低敏感領(lǐng)域，有利于南海周邊國(guó)家互信的建立，就此領(lǐng)域展開(kāi)合作有助于南海地區(qū)局勢(shì)的穩(wěn)定，同時(shí)與油氣資源進(jìn)行比較突出漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)本身具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 第二部分，指出南海漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作的依據(jù)，第一節(jié)的《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》到第四節(jié)的約翰尼斯堡宣言及其行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，根據(jù)法律效力從大到小依次進(jìn)行論述。 第三部分，對(duì)南海漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作的原則進(jìn)行分析。首先是就漁業(yè)生態(tài)平衡和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度，提出應(yīng)遵循預(yù)警原則和可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則，論證其在如今南海漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作適用的必要性。再次是區(qū)域合作原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)展開(kāi)區(qū)域合作，但是合作的范圍應(yīng)局限在南海周邊國(guó)家，不需讓區(qū)域外的海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)加入。最后是擱置爭(zhēng)議原則，通過(guò)與油氣資源等高敏感領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行對(duì)比，分析此原則在漁業(yè)養(yǎng)護(hù)合作領(lǐng)域的可行性。 第四部分是文章的重點(diǎn)核心章節(jié)，主要是對(duì)南海漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作的主要領(lǐng)域的研究。要建立合作機(jī)制，首先必須確定合作區(qū)域的范圍，通過(guò)對(duì)比各家學(xué)者觀點(diǎn)得出合作區(qū)域應(yīng)包括整個(gè)南海，并以南沙群島區(qū)域?yàn)橹攸c(diǎn)，為下一節(jié)南沙群島機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立鋪墊。其次，通過(guò)對(duì)比借鑒與中國(guó)有關(guān)的漁業(yè)合作組織和類似的區(qū)域漁業(yè)養(yǎng)護(hù)組織的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提出建立南海地區(qū)漁業(yè)資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作委員會(huì)，并對(duì)委員會(huì)的主要目的、組織架構(gòu)和工作內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了探討，創(chuàng)造性地提出委員會(huì)應(yīng)由秘書(shū)處、科研機(jī)構(gòu)、執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)以及南沙群島機(jī)構(gòu)組成。再次，提出應(yīng)進(jìn)行漁業(yè)科研方面的合作，包括資訊的搜集評(píng)估以及實(shí)施漁業(yè)的控制措施。最后，，針對(duì)IUU捕魚(yú)行為，指出應(yīng)加強(qiáng)漁業(yè)監(jiān)管，并借鑒各區(qū)域漁業(yè)組織的監(jiān)管措施提出了自己的建議。 第五部分是我國(guó)在資源養(yǎng)護(hù)合作機(jī)制中的作為，主要是分成國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)兩方面。第一部分先介紹了中國(guó)與南海沿岸國(guó)開(kāi)展的漁業(yè)合作實(shí)踐，接著分析了實(shí)踐中存在的不足并提出了國(guó)際層面的解決之道，即由我國(guó)主導(dǎo)，將合作向多邊和深度方向推進(jìn)。第二部分主要是就國(guó)內(nèi)層面而言，一方面就當(dāng)前漁業(yè)法律中存在的不足提出完善建議，另一方面針對(duì)當(dāng)前《漁業(yè)法》中規(guī)定的捕撈限額制度如何實(shí)行提出對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea fishery resources continue to failure, the South China Sea Based on the characteristics of semi closed, fishery resources destroyed since it is very difficult to get from other areas, so the countries around the South China Sea conservation is particularly important. Only the countries around the South China Sea together, can be built up of countries in the South China Sea fishery resources conservation. Although the cooperation mechanism between countries in the South China Sea the sovereignty dispute has not been resolved, maritime delimitation has not been completed, but in recent years many countries began to realize the seriousness of the problem, considering the conservation of fishery resources cooperation is an important aspect of cooperation in South China Sea low sensitive areas of sustainable development, which not only help the South China Sea fishery resources, but also help break the deadlock in the South China Sea. Therefore, do further research on the South China Sea fishery resources conservation cooperation mechanism, to provide theoretical suggestions for our country and neighboring countries in the South China sea days after the establishment of bilateral agreements, also It provides a reference for the revision of China's fisheries legal system and the improvement of the fishery quota system.
The thesis is mainly divided into five parts to research on the South China Sea fishery conservation cooperation mechanism. The first part firstly explains why the need to build the South China Sea fishery resources conservation mechanism, mainly from the fish population, fishery research technology and fisheries law enforcement on three aspects. Then discusses the construction of the South China sea fishery resources conservation mechanism significance, that the South China Sea fishery resources maintenance of cooperation is low sensitive areas, conducive to the establishment of the South China Sea surrounding countries mutual trust, expand cooperation in this area is helpful to the stability of the situation in the South China Sea, and prominent fishery resources conservation itself has the advantage of oil and gas resources.
The second part points out the basis for the conservation cooperation of the fishery resources in the South China Sea. The Johannes Fort declaration and its action plan in the first section of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea to the fourth quarter are discussed according to the legal effect from large to small.
The third part, analysis of cooperation in the South China Sea fishery resources conservation principles. The first is the fishery ecological balance and sustainable development point of view, put forward the precautionary principle and should follow the principles of sustainable development, demonstrates its necessity in the South China Sea fishery resources conservation cooperation now applicable. Again is the principle of regional cooperation, stressed the need to expand regional cooperation, but the scope of cooperation should be limited in the countries around the South China Sea, not to let outside the region of marine power to join. Finally putting aside disputes principle, comparing with the oil and gas resources, high sensitive areas, the feasibility analysis of this principle in the fishery conservation areas of cooperation.
The fourth part is the core section of the article, mainly is the main research areas of cooperation in the South China Sea fishery resources conservation. To establish a cooperation mechanism, we must first determine the scope of cooperation in the region, through the comparison of various views of scholars that regional cooperation should include the entire South China Sea, and to the Spratly Islands area as the focus, to pave the way for the establishment of the Spratly Islands the next section. Secondly, by comparing the reference and China related fishery cooperation organization and similar regional fisheries conservation organization experience, proposed the establishment of conservation of fishery resources in the South China Sea cooperation committee, and the main purpose of the committee, the organization structure and the work content are discussed, creatively put forward the Council Secretariat, scientific research institutions, law enforcement. Spratly Islands institutions and institutions. Thirdly, puts forward the fishery cooperative research, including information collection and evaluation Finally, aiming at the IUU fishing behavior, we pointed out that we should strengthen fishery supervision, and draw lessons from the regulatory measures of various regional fisheries organizations, and put forward our own proposals.
絎簲閮ㄥ垎鏄垜鍥藉湪璧勬簮鍏繪姢鍚堜綔鏈哄埗涓殑浣滀負(fù),涓昏鏄垎鎴愬浗闄呭拰鍥藉唴涓ゆ柟闈

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