本文關(guān)鍵詞： 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán) 用益物權(quán) 財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入 市場(chǎng)化流轉(zhuǎn) 適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)　出處：《江西理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：三農(nóng)問(wèn)題的重心不再是解決農(nóng)民的溫飽問(wèn)題,而是如何增加農(nóng)民財(cái)產(chǎn)性或資產(chǎn)性收入,逐步消除城鄉(xiāng)差別。我國(guó)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)是改革開(kāi)放初期的產(chǎn)物,歷經(jīng)債權(quán)到物權(quán)的發(fā)展,曾擔(dān)負(fù)著幾億農(nóng)民溫飽問(wèn)題、社會(huì)保障和農(nóng)業(yè)人口的就業(yè)等歷史重任,故國(guó)家從法律上對(duì)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)給予了諸多限制,如限制流轉(zhuǎn)、禁止抵押等,但隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,這些負(fù)擔(dān)已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在或者為其他制度所取代。站在“物盡其用”和發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置過(guò)程中的基礎(chǔ)性作用的角度,應(yīng)當(dāng)解除土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)上的不當(dāng)負(fù)擔(dān),恢復(fù)其財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的本質(zhì)。在土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)交易平臺(tái)構(gòu)建的語(yǔ)境下,土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)應(yīng)被塑造為一種特殊“商品或服務(wù)”,其性質(zhì)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)符合市場(chǎng)流通要求,將受讓者(權(quán)利的取得者)視為消費(fèi)者并換位立法,以便于受讓者行使權(quán)利為中心來(lái)構(gòu)建土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)這一特殊商品的“質(zhì)量法”或“質(zhì)量合格證”制度。土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)畢竟是一種有別于普通商品的財(cái)產(chǎn),國(guó)家需要完善一些特定的制度以促進(jìn)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的市場(chǎng)化。雖然從財(cái)產(chǎn)的角度來(lái)說(shuō),土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)作為一種適合并提倡自由流轉(zhuǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn),必須要?jiǎng)冸x對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)享有資格的限制,但土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)又是一種涉及諸多公私利益(如糧食安全)的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán),在其行使時(shí)又必須要課以諸多限制以平衡各方利益,為了促進(jìn)交易的形成,宜將現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)中的取得資格限制后置為權(quán)利行使資格限制。
[Abstract]:The focus of the "three rural" problems is no longer to solve the problem of farmers' food and clothing, but how to increase the peasants' property or asset income and gradually eliminate the differences between urban and rural areas. The right of land contractual management in China is a product of the early stage of reform and opening up. After the development of creditor's right to real right, it has shouldered the problems of food and clothing for hundreds of millions of farmers, social security and the employment of agricultural population. Therefore, the state has legally restricted the right of land contract management, such as restricting circulation, prohibiting mortgage, etc. But with the development of society and economy, these burdens have ceased to exist or have been replaced by other systems... From the angle of "making the best use of things" and giving play to the fundamental role of the market in the process of allocating resources. The improper burden on the land contractual management right should be relieved and the essence of its property right should be restored. In the context of the construction of the trading platform of the land contractual management right, The right to contract management of land should be shaped as a special "commodity or service", and its nature or standard should meet the requirements of market circulation, and the transferee (the acquirer of the right) should be regarded as a consumer and transposed legislation. The "quality law" or "quality certificate" system of the land contract management right, which is a special commodity which is convenient for the transferee to exercise its rights, is constructed. After all, the land contract management right is a kind of property different from the ordinary commodity. The state needs to perfect some specific systems to promote the marketization of the transfer of land contractual management rights. Although from the property point of view, land contractual management rights as a suitable and promote the free circulation of property, It is necessary to divest the qualification of property rights, but the right to contract land management is a property right involving many public and private interests (such as food security), and it must be exercised with many restrictions in order to balance the interests of all parties. In order to promote the formation of the transaction, the qualification limit in the current laws and regulations should be set as the right exercise qualification limit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.32;D923.2

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