本文關(guān)鍵詞： 行政立法 控制模式 違憲審查　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：關(guān)于行政立法,學(xué)術(shù)界并沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的界定與理解。行政立法也被一些學(xué)者看作是“授權(quán)立法”、“委任立法”等。本文所探討和論述的行政立法是指具備行政立法權(quán)的行政機(jī)關(guān)根據(jù)憲法和法律的規(guī)定,按照法定的權(quán)限和程序制定行政法規(guī)和規(guī)章的行政行為。隨著社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)了許多新的狀況和問(wèn)題,行政立法由此應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。行政立法的產(chǎn)生在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)對(duì)于解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題,緩解社會(huì)矛盾,維護(hù)社會(huì)正常有序運(yùn)行等許多方面曾起到了積極的作用,但是也產(chǎn)生了一定的負(fù)面的影響。行政立法作為次級(jí)立法,它的迅速膨脹也產(chǎn)生了法律和法規(guī)規(guī)章在實(shí)踐過(guò)程中的沖突和矛盾。十二屆全國(guó)人大三次會(huì)議表決通過(guò)的《立法法(草案)》通過(guò)加強(qiáng)人大在立法中的主導(dǎo)作用,對(duì)授權(quán)作出更加細(xì)致的規(guī)定,限制規(guī)章權(quán)力等,順應(yīng)了新時(shí)期全面依法治國(guó),建設(shè)法治政府,法治社會(huì)的要求。但同時(shí)還應(yīng)看到,行政立法主導(dǎo)的傳統(tǒng)依舊根深蒂固,因此,如何有效的控制行政立法成為我們必須要面臨的問(wèn)題。本文第一部分為行政立法控制概述。主要是對(duì)行政立法控制的一些基本內(nèi)涵——行政立法、行政立法控制等進(jìn)行界定,從法理的角度探討行政立法控制的理論基礎(chǔ)。第二部分主要論述了一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家主要是以英國(guó)和美國(guó)為代表的英美法系和以法國(guó)、德國(guó)為代表的大陸法系國(guó)家在行政立法控制方面所采取的措施和手段,并分析了這些國(guó)家不同的行政立法控制模式所具備的優(yōu)勢(shì)和可以為我國(guó)所借鑒的方面。這些國(guó)家的法治建設(shè)起步早,法律體系完善,在控制行政立法方面各有側(cè)重,各具特色。英國(guó)奉行議會(huì)至上,因此它的行政立法控制主要是來(lái)自于議會(huì)的控制,而美國(guó)以最高法院的違憲審查最為著名,德國(guó)和法國(guó)等大陸法系國(guó)家則是通過(guò)憲法法院來(lái)進(jìn)行行政立法的違憲審查,同時(shí)法國(guó)的行政法院較為完善,自成體系。第三部分為本文的重點(diǎn)。主要探討了我國(guó)行政立法控制的現(xiàn)狀、存在的問(wèn)題以及原因分析。這一部分主要是結(jié)合關(guān)于行政立法的一些典型案例和法條規(guī)定等,更加直觀形象地分析我國(guó)行政立法控制所存在的問(wèn)題,并根據(jù)對(duì)案例的分析探討對(duì)行政立法控制乏力的成因。第四部分則根據(jù)前文的分析論述,提出對(duì)行政立法控制的完善建議。主要是從權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)、行政機(jī)關(guān)、司法機(jī)關(guān)三個(gè)方面,借鑒西方國(guó)家的可行模式,根據(jù)我國(guó)存在的問(wèn)題探尋對(duì)我國(guó)行政立法控制的有效途徑。
[Abstract]:With regard to administrative legislation, There is not a unified definition and understanding in academic circles. Administrative legislation is also regarded by some scholars as "enabling legislation" and "appointed legislation". The administrative legislation discussed and discussed in this paper refers to administrative organs with administrative and legislative power. In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the law, The administrative act of formulating administrative regulations and rules in accordance with statutory powers and procedures. With the rapid development of society, many new situations and problems have emerged. The emergence of administrative legislation has played a positive role in solving social problems, alleviating social contradictions, maintaining the normal and orderly operation of society, and so on. However, it also has some negative effects. Administrative legislation is regarded as secondary legislation. Its rapid expansion has also resulted in conflicts and contradictions in the practice of laws and regulations. The Legislative Law (draft), adopted by the third session of the 12 National people's Congress, strengthened the leading role of the National people's Congress in legislation. Making more detailed provisions on authorization, restricting the power of regulation and so on, conforms to the requirements of governing the country according to law, building a government ruled by law, and a society ruled by law in the new period. But at the same time, we should also see that the tradition of administrative and legislative leadership is still deeply rooted, so, How to effectively control administrative legislation has become a problem we must face. The first part of this paper is an overview of administrative legislation control. It mainly defines some basic connotations of administrative legislation control-administrative legislation, administrative legislative control, etc. The second part mainly discusses some developed countries are mainly represented by the United Kingdom and the United States as the representative of the Anglo-American legal system and France. The measures and measures taken by the civil law countries represented by Germany in the field of administrative and legislative control, It also analyzes the advantages of different administrative and legislative control models in these countries and the aspects that can be used for reference by our country. The construction of the rule of law in these countries starts early, the legal system is perfect, and they have their own emphasis on the control of administrative legislation. Each has its own peculiarities. Britain is committed to the supremacy of Parliament, so its executive and legislative control comes mainly from parliamentary control, and the United States is best known for its unconstitutional review by the Supreme Court. Civil law countries such as Germany and France have adopted the Constitutional Court to review the unconstitutionality of administrative legislation, while the French administrative courts are relatively perfect. The third part is the focus of this paper. It mainly discusses the current situation, existing problems and reasons of administrative legislation control in China. This part mainly combines some typical cases and provisions of administrative legislation, etc. More intuitively and vividly analyzes the problems existing in the administrative legislation control in our country, and discusses the causes of the weakness of the administrative legislation control according to the analysis of the cases. Part 4th is based on the above analysis and argumentation. This paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the control of administrative legislation, mainly from three aspects of power, administration and judicature, draw lessons from the feasible mode of western countries, and seek effective ways to control administrative legislation in our country according to the existing problems in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.1

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