環(huán)境監(jiān)管失職罪立法問題研究
[Abstract]:In 1997, Article 408 of the crime of dereliction of duty in Chapter 9 of the newly revised Criminal Law of China explicitly stipulated that the personnel of state organs with duties related to environmental supervision should be seriously irresponsible. Objectively causing major environmental pollution accidents, leading to public and private property suffered major material losses or serious personal injury behavior. However, in the judicial practice for many years, the crime has a very low rate of application, deviation in the nature of behavior, a single type of penalty, a tendency to light punishment, suspended sentence and improper application of exemption from criminal punishment and so on. Of course, the concealment of the fact of environmental pollution, the weakness of public awareness of environmental protection, the blank of environmental criminal law, and so on, all have something to do with this. The defects in legislation are mainly reflected in the following two aspects: first, the provisions of the crime are not clear, such as: the subject of the crime is not clear, which national staff have the responsibility of environmental protection supervision and management is not clear; The subjective state of mind of the crime lacks the stipulation, "serious irresponsibility" can not accurately express the content of the subjective state of mind of the crime; The objective aspect of crime is not precise, the form of behavior is not clear, the objective consequence is unreasonable, and the judgment standard of crime causality is vague. Second, the penalty allocation of the crime is not scientific, and it is difficult to distinguish the social harmfulness of the criminal acts of different degrees and different circumstances by a single type of punishment; The establishment of a single statutory penalty and imprisonment of not more than three years is likely to result in unfair sentencing and unfair administration of justice, which violates the principle of adapting the criminal law to criminal responsibility and punishment. In view of this, the crime of dereliction of duty of environmental supervision should be defined as: taking the public servants with the duty of environmental supervision as the main body, the concrete manifestation is the act of serious irresponsibility, refusing to perform or refusing to perform the duty of environmental protection supervision correctly, The subjective state of mind is indirectly intentional or negligent, which objectively occurs or may lead to serious environmental pollution accidents, resulting in serious material loss or serious personal injury to public and private property. The legislative provisions of the crime should be improved from the following two aspects: first, in the description of the crime, the subject of the crime should be scientifically defined as "the state functionary who has the legal responsibility and direct responsibility for the supervision of environmental protection". It is clear that there are two forms of subjective guilt: negligence and indirect intent, and reasonable provisions are made on the objective aspects of the crime, including behavior, result and causality. Second, in the penalty allocation of the crime, appropriate consideration should be given to increasing the qualification penalty and a certain fine penalty, raising the range of statutory penalties to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention, and setting up two different grades of sentences.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:D924.3
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