【摘要】：我國(guó)《刑法修正案(九)》增設(shè)的重大貪污受賄犯罪死緩犯終身監(jiān)禁制度,將反腐的新時(shí)代要求和對(duì)于貪污受賄犯罪慎用死刑的政策通過(guò)立法的手段將他們“融合”。終身監(jiān)禁制度是我國(guó)刑法中的一種舶來(lái)品,最早是出現(xiàn)在著名刑法學(xué)家切薩雷·貝卡里亞的專(zhuān)著《論犯罪與刑罰》中,如今,世界上許多國(guó)家用終身監(jiān)禁取代了死刑,在這些國(guó)家的刑法中最嚴(yán)厲的刑罰措施變成了終身監(jiān)禁。這些國(guó)家的立法中,終身監(jiān)禁制度按照不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以劃分為不同類(lèi)型,其中最普遍的類(lèi)型劃分是不可減刑、假釋的終身監(jiān)禁與可以減刑、假釋的終身監(jiān)禁。我國(guó)刑法中終身監(jiān)禁制度的法律定位是一種特殊的刑罰執(zhí)行制度,是部分死刑立即執(zhí)行的替代性措施,還是刑罰嚴(yán)厲程度居于一般死緩與死刑立即執(zhí)行之間的中間刑罰。我國(guó)終身監(jiān)禁制度在適用時(shí)不僅要遵循“數(shù)額特別巨大,并使國(guó)家和人民利益遭受特別重大損失”的罪行條件,死刑緩期執(zhí)行的宣告刑條件,還得遵循“從舊兼從輕”的時(shí)間效力原則。作為我國(guó)刑法中的新生制度,終身監(jiān)禁制度還存在一些理論爭(zhēng)議問(wèn)題,如重大立功是否影響終身監(jiān)禁的執(zhí)行,終身監(jiān)禁執(zhí)行過(guò)程中是否適用暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行。我國(guó)立法機(jī)關(guān)引進(jìn)終身監(jiān)禁制度,看重的是該制度既能起到從嚴(yán)反腐的效果,也能在腐敗犯罪領(lǐng)域減少死刑的適用,除此之外,設(shè)立終身監(jiān)禁制度能夠完善我國(guó)刑罰體系“死刑過(guò)重、生刑太輕”的缺陷,彌補(bǔ)刑罰執(zhí)行過(guò)程中“刑期長(zhǎng),服刑短”的漏洞。誠(chéng)然,我國(guó)刑法中的終身監(jiān)禁制度還存在違背罪刑相適應(yīng)原則、適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不明確、執(zhí)行成本高等缺陷問(wèn)題,但只要立法機(jī)關(guān)在充分借鑒國(guó)外有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)和總結(jié)我國(guó)制度不足的基礎(chǔ)上,從立法、司法兩方面進(jìn)行探索,必能獲得對(duì)我國(guó)終身監(jiān)禁制度的完善有所助益的啟示,進(jìn)而推動(dòng)我國(guó)刑罰體系朝著更加輕緩化、經(jīng)濟(jì)化方向發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The "Criminal Law Amendment (9)" has added the system of life imprisonment for the major embezzlement and bribery crime, which combines the requirements of the new era of anti-corruption and the policy of using the death penalty carefully for the crime of corruption and bribery by means of legislation. The system of life imprisonment is an import in our country's criminal law. It first appeared in Cesare Beccaria's monograph on Crime and penalty. Nowadays, life imprisonment has replaced the death penalty in many countries in the world. The harshest penalties in the criminal laws of these countries have been converted into life imprisonment. In the legislation of these countries, the system of life imprisonment can be divided into different types according to different standards, among which the most common type is non-commutation, parole of life imprisonment and commutation of life imprisonment, parole of life imprisonment. The legal orientation of the system of life imprisonment in the criminal law of our country is a special system of penalty execution, which is an alternative measure for the immediate execution of part of the death penalty, or the intermediate penalty of the severity of the penalty between the general suspension of death and the immediate execution of the death penalty. The system of life imprisonment in our country should not only be applied in accordance with the conditions of the crime of "exceptionally large amounts and inflicting particularly heavy losses on the interests of the State and the people", and the conditions for the suspension of the execution of the death penalty, We must also follow the principle of "from the old and from the lighter" principle of time effectiveness. As a new system in the criminal law of our country, there are still some theoretical controversies in the system of life imprisonment, such as whether great meritorious service affects the execution of life imprisonment, and whether it is suitable for execution outside prison temporarily in the course of execution of life imprisonment. The legislature of our country introduces the system of life imprisonment, what it values is that the system can not only have the effect of strict anti-corruption, but also reduce the application of death penalty in the field of corruption crimes. In addition, Setting up the system of life imprisonment can perfect the penalty system of our country, that is, the death penalty is too heavy and the birth penalty is too light, and make up the loophole of "long term, short sentence" in the course of penalty execution. It is true that the system of life imprisonment in the criminal law of our country still has some defects, such as violating the principle of adaptation of crime and punishment, the applicable standard is not clear, the cost of execution is high, and so on. However, as long as the legislature, on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign beneficial experience and summing up the insufficiency of our country's system, and exploring from the two aspects of legislation and judicature, it will be able to obtain some helpful enlightenment to the perfection of the system of life imprisonment in our country. Furthermore, the penalty system of our country will develop more gently and economically.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D924.1

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本文編號(hào)：2319892