論我國(guó)短期自由刑的問題與完善
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-12 13:25
【摘要】：犯罪和刑罰歷來是刑法學(xué)界的重要課題,從研究數(shù)量和成果來看,對(duì)犯罪學(xué)的研究遠(yuǎn)高于刑罰學(xué),隨著國(guó)際上刑罰的發(fā)展,人們開始由過去注重刑罰的懲罰報(bào)復(fù)目的,轉(zhuǎn)為更多地思考刑罰的教育改造和預(yù)防犯罪的目的,更加注重刑罰執(zhí)行的實(shí)際效果。作為啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)引起的刑事司法改革成果之一,短期自由刑替代了中世紀(jì)殘酷的生命刑和身體刑而崛起,是近代刑法史上具有歷史意義的進(jìn)步。短期自由刑是自由刑中的一種,也是人們質(zhì)疑和爭(zhēng)議最多的,自產(chǎn)生以來,其利弊和存廢問題備受世界關(guān)注,而隨著國(guó)際人權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的迅速發(fā)展,刑罰的輕型化、社會(huì)化等新理念也不斷出現(xiàn),對(duì)短期自由刑問題的爭(zhēng)論愈演愈烈。但發(fā)展至今,其定義界定、利弊存廢之爭(zhēng)始終處于刑事改革的最前沿。經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的爭(zhēng)論后,學(xué)界中占多數(shù)的觀點(diǎn)是:短期自由刑有其存在的價(jià)值,但同時(shí)也存在許多缺陷和問題。因此,占大多數(shù)的觀點(diǎn)是:對(duì)短期自由刑采取不絕對(duì)否定與絕對(duì)肯定,而是在予以保留的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)其進(jìn)行改革或完善,最大限度發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。從我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐看,短期自由刑有著較長(zhǎng)的歷史,雖其自身存在許多先天性的缺陷和實(shí)際適用中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,但在我國(guó)刑罰體系和司法實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。我國(guó)刑法分則中有大量條文規(guī)定了三年以下有期徒刑和拘役的刑罰,輕微犯罪在刑事犯罪中占較大比重,這決定了短期自由刑在我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐中必然會(huì)被比較頻繁地適用,但正如國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)短期自由刑的利弊和存廢之爭(zhēng)過程中提到的,短期自由刑存在許多弊端,在適用中也帶來了不少問題。因此,短期自由刑作為刑罰由輕到重的重要過渡環(huán)節(jié),在未能找到替代它的合適刑種之前,不宜將其廢止,只能盡量減少和限制適用,同時(shí),從現(xiàn)實(shí)情況看,我國(guó)的短期自由刑制度相比于國(guó)外,存在更多的落后之處,因而需要積極借鑒國(guó)外在短期自由刑完善中的先進(jìn)做法,對(duì)我國(guó)的制度進(jìn)行完善。鑒于以上背景,筆者以論我國(guó)短期自由刑的問題與完善為題,嘗試對(duì)我國(guó)的短期自由刑制度進(jìn)行完善提出建議。本文通過以短期自由刑的發(fā)展、價(jià)值、弊端為切入點(diǎn),在充分研究短期自由刑利弊的基礎(chǔ)上,論證該制度存在的正當(dāng)性、必要性及合理性,同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)其不足與缺陷,通過闡述我國(guó)短期自由刑存在的問題,在合理借鑒國(guó)外適用短期自由刑的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出相應(yīng)的改革和完善措施,以求最大限度發(fā)揮短期自由刑在我國(guó)刑罰體系中的作用。在研究方法上,本文主要運(yùn)用了歷史的和比較的研究方法,分析短期自由刑的基本問題。在內(nèi)容和框架上,全文共分為以下四個(gè)部分:第一部分,短期自由刑的概述。先以短期自由刑的發(fā)展歷程為切入,從古代短期自由刑的萌芽時(shí)期到近代短期自由刑的發(fā)展時(shí)期,再到現(xiàn)代短期自由刑的爭(zhēng)議和改革時(shí)期,并介紹了“輕輕”刑事政策對(duì)短期自由刑的影響,通過其產(chǎn)生到發(fā)展繁榮的歷程,了解短期自由刑的有關(guān)背景及理論基礎(chǔ)。其次,通過對(duì)歷史發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的考察,進(jìn)一步提出對(duì)短期自由刑的具體概念的界定方法,同時(shí)也回答了關(guān)于短期自由刑的刑期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問題,闡述了短期自由刑的概念和價(jià)值。第三,總結(jié)了各國(guó)對(duì)短期自由刑利弊和存廢問題的不同觀點(diǎn),著重闡述了肯定說、否定說及折中說三種觀點(diǎn),為下文進(jìn)一步闡述奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二部分,主要對(duì)我國(guó)短期自由刑的現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題進(jìn)行剖析。在第一部分的基礎(chǔ)上,將目光轉(zhuǎn)向短期自由刑在我國(guó)的立法現(xiàn)狀及適用效果,同時(shí),著重梳理了短期自由刑在我國(guó)存在的問題,主要有四個(gè)方面:一是預(yù)防犯罪效果不明顯;二是罪犯交叉感染情況嚴(yán)重;三是我國(guó)對(duì)罪犯的改造手段有待改進(jìn);四是對(duì)短期自由刑服刑人員的后續(xù)影響等。第三部分,國(guó)外短期自由刑改革實(shí)踐的考察與借鑒。在前文闡述的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)了短期自由刑改革的理論基礎(chǔ),并著重介紹了目前世界上對(duì)短期自由刑改革或完善的主要舉措,并從中對(duì)不同改進(jìn)措施進(jìn)行總結(jié)、對(duì)比與分析,結(jié)合我國(guó)的國(guó)情,提出了能夠?yàn)槲覈?guó)借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn),為文章最后一部分重點(diǎn)論述我國(guó)短期自由刑的完善建議奠定基礎(chǔ)。第四部分,提出關(guān)于我國(guó)短期自由刑的完善建議。這是本文的重點(diǎn),分別從原則與具體完善措施上提出幾點(diǎn)建議。首先應(yīng)明確短期自由刑的立法和實(shí)踐上的基本原則;再?gòu)木唧w的完善型或易科型方面,對(duì)短期自由刑的執(zhí)行程序、易科形式及其他問題加以完善:第一,完善短期自由刑的執(zhí)行條件和方式;第二,建立短期自由刑的易科制度;第三,建立刑事猶豫制度;第四,對(duì)短期自由刑之拘役的具體改良措施;第五,擴(kuò)大適用緩刑與假釋的社區(qū)矯正;第六,建立短期自由刑的前科消滅制度。
[Abstract]:Crime and penalty have always been an important subject in the field of criminal law. Judging from the number and achievements of the study, the study of criminology is far higher than that of penology. With the development of international penalty, people begin to pay more attention to the purpose of punishment retribution in the past, to think more about the education and Reform of penalty and the purpose of crime prevention, and pay more attention to the execution of penalty. As one of the achievements of the criminal justice reform caused by the Enlightenment Movement, short-term Liberty Penalty has replaced the cruel life penalty and physical penalty in the Middle Ages and risen up, which is a historic progress in the history of modern criminal law. With the rapid development of the international human rights movement, new ideas such as the lightening of penalty and socialization have emerged, and the controversy over the issue of short-term free punishment has become increasingly fierce. After the controversy, the majority view in the academic circles is that the short-term Liberty Penalty has its own value, but there are also many defects and problems. Therefore, the majority view is that the short-term liberty penalty should not be absolutely denied and affirmed, but be reformed or perfected on the basis of reserving it, so as to maximize its due. From the judicial practice of our country, the short-term Liberty Penalty has a long history, although it has many congenital defects and problems found in practical application, but it plays an important role in our country's penalty system and judicial practice. Minor crimes account for a large proportion of criminal offences, which determines that short-term freedom penalty will be more frequently applied in our judicial practice, but as domestic and foreign scholars on the advantages and disadvantages of short-term freedom penalty and the process of disputes over the preservation and abolition mentioned, short-term freedom penalty has many drawbacks, also brought many problems in the application. As an important transitional link of penalty from light to heavy, the term of freedom penalty should not be abolished until it can not find a suitable kind of penalty to replace it. It can only be reduced and restricted to apply. At the same time, from the reality, compared with foreign countries, China's short-term freedom penalty system has more backwardness, so we need to actively learn from foreign countries in the short term. In view of the above background, the author tries to put forward some suggestions on the improvement of the short-term free punishment system in our country. This paper takes the development, value and disadvantages of the short-term free punishment as the breakthrough point to fully study the short-term free punishment. On the basis of advantages and disadvantages, this paper demonstrates the legitimacy, necessity and rationality of the system, and finds its shortcomings and defects. By expounding the existing problems of short-term free punishment in China and drawing on the advanced experience of foreign countries in applying short-term free punishment, this paper puts forward corresponding reform and improvement measures in order to maximize short-term freedom. In the research method, this paper mainly uses the historical and comparative research methods to analyze the basic problems of short-term free punishment. In the content and framework, the full text is divided into the following four parts: the first part, the summary of short-term free punishment. From the embryonic period of short-term Liberty Penalty to the development period of modern short-term liberty penalty, and then to the controversy and reform period of modern short-term liberty penalty, this paper introduces the influence of "light" criminal policy on short-term liberty penalty, and through the course from its emergence to development and prosperity, understands the relevant background and theoretical basis of short-term liberty penalty. The history of the development of the investigation, further put forward the definition of the specific concept of short-term freedom penalty, but also answered the standard of short-term freedom penalty and other issues, expounded the concept and value of short-term freedom penalty. The second part mainly analyzes the present situation and existing problems of short-term freedom penalty in our country. On the basis of the first part, the author turns his eyes to the present legislative situation and applicable effect of short-term freedom penalty in our country, and at the same time, focuses on combing short-term freedom penalty in our country. There are four main problems: first, the effect of crime prevention is not obvious; second, the cross-infection of criminals is serious; third, the reform means of criminals in China need to be improved; fourth, the follow-up effect of short-term free prisoners and so on. On the basis of summarizing the theoretical basis of short-term liberal punishment reform, and emphatically introduces the main measures of short-term liberal punishment reform or improvement in the world at present, and summarizes the different improvement measures, compares and analyzes them, combined with China's national conditions, puts forward the experience that can be used for reference in China, and focuses on discussing our country for the last part of the article. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of short-term free punishment in our country. This is the focus of this paper, and puts forward some suggestions from the principles and specific measures of improvement. The execution procedure of short-term liberty penalty, the form of conversion and other issues should be improved: first, to improve the conditions and methods of execution of short-term liberty penalty; second, to establish the system of conversion of short-term liberty penalty; third, to establish the criminal hesitation system; fourth, to improve the specific measures of detention of short-term liberty penalty; fifth, to expand the community applicable to probation and parole. Correction; sixth, establish a system of elimination of criminal record for short-term penalty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.1
本文編號(hào)：2239137
[Abstract]:Crime and penalty have always been an important subject in the field of criminal law. Judging from the number and achievements of the study, the study of criminology is far higher than that of penology. With the development of international penalty, people begin to pay more attention to the purpose of punishment retribution in the past, to think more about the education and Reform of penalty and the purpose of crime prevention, and pay more attention to the execution of penalty. As one of the achievements of the criminal justice reform caused by the Enlightenment Movement, short-term Liberty Penalty has replaced the cruel life penalty and physical penalty in the Middle Ages and risen up, which is a historic progress in the history of modern criminal law. With the rapid development of the international human rights movement, new ideas such as the lightening of penalty and socialization have emerged, and the controversy over the issue of short-term free punishment has become increasingly fierce. After the controversy, the majority view in the academic circles is that the short-term Liberty Penalty has its own value, but there are also many defects and problems. Therefore, the majority view is that the short-term liberty penalty should not be absolutely denied and affirmed, but be reformed or perfected on the basis of reserving it, so as to maximize its due. From the judicial practice of our country, the short-term Liberty Penalty has a long history, although it has many congenital defects and problems found in practical application, but it plays an important role in our country's penalty system and judicial practice. Minor crimes account for a large proportion of criminal offences, which determines that short-term freedom penalty will be more frequently applied in our judicial practice, but as domestic and foreign scholars on the advantages and disadvantages of short-term freedom penalty and the process of disputes over the preservation and abolition mentioned, short-term freedom penalty has many drawbacks, also brought many problems in the application. As an important transitional link of penalty from light to heavy, the term of freedom penalty should not be abolished until it can not find a suitable kind of penalty to replace it. It can only be reduced and restricted to apply. At the same time, from the reality, compared with foreign countries, China's short-term freedom penalty system has more backwardness, so we need to actively learn from foreign countries in the short term. In view of the above background, the author tries to put forward some suggestions on the improvement of the short-term free punishment system in our country. This paper takes the development, value and disadvantages of the short-term free punishment as the breakthrough point to fully study the short-term free punishment. On the basis of advantages and disadvantages, this paper demonstrates the legitimacy, necessity and rationality of the system, and finds its shortcomings and defects. By expounding the existing problems of short-term free punishment in China and drawing on the advanced experience of foreign countries in applying short-term free punishment, this paper puts forward corresponding reform and improvement measures in order to maximize short-term freedom. In the research method, this paper mainly uses the historical and comparative research methods to analyze the basic problems of short-term free punishment. In the content and framework, the full text is divided into the following four parts: the first part, the summary of short-term free punishment. From the embryonic period of short-term Liberty Penalty to the development period of modern short-term liberty penalty, and then to the controversy and reform period of modern short-term liberty penalty, this paper introduces the influence of "light" criminal policy on short-term liberty penalty, and through the course from its emergence to development and prosperity, understands the relevant background and theoretical basis of short-term liberty penalty. The history of the development of the investigation, further put forward the definition of the specific concept of short-term freedom penalty, but also answered the standard of short-term freedom penalty and other issues, expounded the concept and value of short-term freedom penalty. The second part mainly analyzes the present situation and existing problems of short-term freedom penalty in our country. On the basis of the first part, the author turns his eyes to the present legislative situation and applicable effect of short-term freedom penalty in our country, and at the same time, focuses on combing short-term freedom penalty in our country. There are four main problems: first, the effect of crime prevention is not obvious; second, the cross-infection of criminals is serious; third, the reform means of criminals in China need to be improved; fourth, the follow-up effect of short-term free prisoners and so on. On the basis of summarizing the theoretical basis of short-term liberal punishment reform, and emphatically introduces the main measures of short-term liberal punishment reform or improvement in the world at present, and summarizes the different improvement measures, compares and analyzes them, combined with China's national conditions, puts forward the experience that can be used for reference in China, and focuses on discussing our country for the last part of the article. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of short-term free punishment in our country. This is the focus of this paper, and puts forward some suggestions from the principles and specific measures of improvement. The execution procedure of short-term liberty penalty, the form of conversion and other issues should be improved: first, to improve the conditions and methods of execution of short-term liberty penalty; second, to establish the system of conversion of short-term liberty penalty; third, to establish the criminal hesitation system; fourth, to improve the specific measures of detention of short-term liberty penalty; fifth, to expand the community applicable to probation and parole. Correction; sixth, establish a system of elimination of criminal record for short-term penalty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.1
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