【摘要】：當(dāng)前,經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展與科學(xué)技術(shù)的日新月異帶動(dòng)了社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的深刻變革,其在帶給人們巨大物質(zhì)財(cái)富的同時(shí),也引發(fā)了一系列的社會(huì)問題。作為社會(huì)的一面鏡子,刑法既要反映社會(huì)的真實(shí)面貌,又要對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)需要作出回應(yīng)。面對(duì)紛繁復(fù)雜的犯罪類型,考慮到罪行輕重程度、人身危險(xiǎn)性的差異性,單純的以刑罰措施作為懲治犯罪的工具難以實(shí)現(xiàn)法律效果與社會(huì)效果的統(tǒng)一。因此,可以從立法的高度增加有關(guān)非刑罰措施的規(guī)定,進(jìn)而發(fā)揮其在預(yù)防犯罪、維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序方面的積極作用�！缎谭ㄐ拚�(九)》開宗明義的對(duì)從業(yè)禁止作出了明確規(guī)定,首次將其納入我國的刑法體系,同時(shí)也標(biāo)志著我國正式確立了從業(yè)禁止制度。作為一種典型的非刑罰處罰措施,從業(yè)禁止是指行為人利用職業(yè)便利或違背職業(yè)要求的特定義務(wù)實(shí)施犯罪行為的,人民法院可作出禁止其在一定期限內(nèi)從事相關(guān)職業(yè)的決定。通過這種設(shè)置,一方面有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)防衛(wèi)社會(huì)、預(yù)防職務(wù)犯罪的目的;另一方面也是對(duì)我國刑法制裁模式的豐富和發(fā)展,促進(jìn)了刑事司法制度的改革與創(chuàng)新。然而,作為一項(xiàng)新的措施和規(guī)定,由于缺乏相應(yīng)的司法解釋和審判經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)于其如何定性、如何理解與適用等問題,理論學(xué)界與司法實(shí)務(wù)界尚未定論�；诖�,本文以理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的方法,首先對(duì)從業(yè)禁止制度的基礎(chǔ)理論問題進(jìn)行了厘清,明確了其法律性質(zhì),并在此基礎(chǔ)上介紹了從業(yè)禁止的適用原則、一般要件、適用主體以及違反從業(yè)禁止所要承擔(dān)的法律后果等內(nèi)容,最后對(duì)從業(yè)禁止適用方法的完善進(jìn)行了具體的制度設(shè)計(jì)。筆者認(rèn)為,我國刑法中所規(guī)定的從業(yè)禁止,其性質(zhì)既不是刑罰,也不屬于資格刑的范疇,而是保安處分措施的一種。從業(yè)禁止的適用要遵循合目的性原則、適當(dāng)性原則和科學(xué)性原則,并且滿足行為人具有人身危險(xiǎn)性、行為人的行為構(gòu)成犯罪并被判處刑罰、行為人的犯罪行為與其事實(shí)上從事的職業(yè)有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系這三個(gè)前提條件。人身危險(xiǎn)性是整個(gè)從業(yè)禁止研究的核心,只有對(duì)行為人再犯的人身危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行科學(xué)的預(yù)測,才能使從業(yè)禁止發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的法律效果。具體而言,預(yù)測就要在科學(xué)性原則的指導(dǎo)下,利用社會(huì)調(diào)查所獲得關(guān)于行為人的資料對(duì)犯罪分子的人身危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行評(píng)估。綜上所述,本文在介紹從業(yè)禁止基礎(chǔ)理論的同時(shí),重點(diǎn)對(duì)如何適用以及如何執(zhí)行從業(yè)禁止的問題進(jìn)行了初步探討,以期對(duì)司法實(shí)務(wù)有所裨益。
[Abstract]:At present, the rapid development of economy and the rapid development of science and technology have brought about profound changes in social structure, which not only bring people enormous material wealth, but also lead to a series of social problems. As a mirror of society, criminal law should not only reflect the real face of society, but also respond to the needs of reality. In the face of various and complicated types of crimes, considering the degree of seriousness of the crime and the difference of personal dangerousness, it is difficult to achieve the unity of legal effect and social effect by simply using penalty measures as a tool to punish crimes. Therefore, the provisions on non-penal measures can be added from the height of legislation to give play to their positive role in preventing crime and maintaining social order. [9] the Criminal Law Amendment (9) clearly stipulates the prohibition of employment at the beginning. It is the first time to bring it into the criminal law system of our country, and it also marks the formal establishment of the prohibition system of employment in our country. As a typical non-penalty measure, the practice prohibition refers to the person who uses the occupation convenience or violates the occupation request to carry out the crime, and the people's court may make the decision to prohibit him from engaging in the relevant profession within a certain period of time. Through this arrangement, on the one hand, it is advantageous to realize the purpose of defending society and preventing duty crime; on the other hand, it is the enrichment and development of punishment mode of criminal law in our country, which promotes the reform and innovation of criminal justice system. However, as a new measure and regulation, due to the lack of corresponding judicial interpretation and trial experience, the theoretical and judicial practice has not yet come to a conclusion as to how to characterize, how to understand and apply it. Based on this, this paper, by combining theory with practice, firstly clarifies the basic theoretical issues of the prohibition system, clarifies its legal nature, and on this basis introduces the applicable principles and general requirements of the prohibition of employment. The main body of application and the legal consequences of violating the prohibition of employment, etc. Finally, the system design of the perfection of the method of practice prohibition is carried out. The author believes that the nature of the prohibition of employment stipulated in our criminal law is neither a penalty nor a category of qualification punishment, but a kind of security measure. The application of the prohibition shall follow the principles of purpose, appropriateness and scientificalness, and satisfy the personal danger of the perpetrator, and the behavior of the actor shall constitute a crime and be sentenced to punishment, The criminal behavior of the perpetrator is intrinsically related to the occupation he is actually engaged in. Personal dangerousness is the core of the whole study on the prohibition of employment. Only by scientifically predicting the personal danger of the perpetrator can the prohibition of practice bring into play its due legal effect. Specifically, under the guidance of the scientific principle, the prediction should evaluate the personal danger of the criminal by using the information about the perpetrator obtained from the social investigation. To sum up, this paper introduces the basic theory of the prohibition of employment, and focuses on how to apply and how to enforce the practice of prohibition, in order to be of benefit to the judicial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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10 葉良芳;應(yīng)家，

本文編號(hào)：2211725