【摘要】：隨著人類社會的發(fā)展,伴隨著自然資源越來越多的被人類利用的同時(shí),諸如水土流失,大氣污染,物種減少、滅絕等口漸嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境的社會問題逐步浮出水而,這些嚴(yán)峻的問題對人類的發(fā)展提出挑戰(zhàn)。近年來國內(nèi)外已有大量學(xué)者專家開始對環(huán)境污染,白然資源等嚴(yán)重問題進(jìn)行研究與討論,并逐步通過完善環(huán)境犯罪以期達(dá)到對危害環(huán)境的犯罪分子懲處的目的,特別是一些國家的刑法已開始專章就環(huán)境犯罪問題進(jìn)行規(guī)制。刑法作為最后一道屏障,必須有效的懲治環(huán)境犯罪行為。 目前我國刑法中雖然有關(guān)環(huán)境犯罪方面的規(guī)定,但其中所涉及的環(huán)境犯罪的罪名較少,特別是一些諸如非法處置進(jìn)口的固體廢物罪、重大環(huán)境污染事故罪、非法捕撈水產(chǎn)、非法獵捕等罪中只規(guī)定了對“人”的懲處以及賠償,而卻缺失對環(huán)境的損害恢復(fù)、治理。故我國環(huán)境犯罪仍然存在一定的不足,并不利于實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)環(huán)境等自然資源的目的。此外,就目前司法實(shí)踐中來看很多對環(huán)境犯罪問題的處罰重在事后懲處及對人的懲處而忽略了環(huán)境的發(fā)展問題,導(dǎo)致環(huán)境問題越演越烈,犯罪人因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上的利益會對環(huán)境破壞力度多越來越大,環(huán)境犯罪問題變得很被動(dòng),我們必須加大刑法的打擊力度,轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,借鑒國外經(jīng)驗(yàn),則可以有效的減少對環(huán)境的破壞,并充分體現(xiàn)刑法的預(yù)防功能,安撫補(bǔ)償功能及教育感化功能。 本文分文四個(gè)部分：第一部分對環(huán)境犯罪概況的介紹,包括環(huán)境犯罪的概念、特征和構(gòu)成要件,以求更好的了解環(huán)境犯罪的相關(guān)內(nèi)容；第二部分對國外的環(huán)境刑法立法考察,包括大陸法系的代表國家德國、口本、俄羅斯和英美法系的代表國家英國、美國。通過對國外環(huán)境刑法的考察分析,使我國在完善刑法方而得到啟示和借鑒；第三部分著重分析了我國的環(huán)境刑法立法現(xiàn)狀及存在問題。第四部分對第三部分多提出的環(huán)境犯罪立法理念落后,立法體系不完善,犯罪構(gòu)成要件不合理,刑罰處罰偏輕,制裁手段單一等問題進(jìn)行完善。對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的破壞環(huán)境的行為,懲治環(huán)境犯罪并不是最終的目的,能夠及時(shí)的修復(fù)和治理環(huán)境并作出提早的預(yù)防,進(jìn)而保護(hù)好我們的生態(tài)環(huán)境才是終極目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:With the development of human society, with the increasing use of natural resources, such as soil and water loss, air pollution, species loss, extinction and other environmental social problems gradually emerged. These serious problems challenge the development of mankind. In recent years, a large number of scholars and experts at home and abroad have begun to study and discuss serious problems such as environmental pollution and natural resources, and gradually improve environmental crimes in order to punish those who harm the environment. In particular, the criminal law of some countries has begun a special chapter on environmental crime regulation. As the last barrier, criminal law must punish environmental crime effectively. At present, although the criminal law of our country provides for environmental crimes, there are fewer crimes involving environmental crimes, especially some crimes such as the illegal disposal of imported solid wastes, the crime of major environmental pollution accidents, and the illegal fishing of aquatic products. In the crime of illegal hunting and catching, only the punishment and compensation of "human" are stipulated, but the damage to the environment is not recovered and remedied. Therefore, there are still some deficiencies in environmental crime in China, which is not conducive to the realization of the purpose of protecting the environment and other natural resources. In addition, as far as the current judicial practice is concerned, many penalties for environmental crimes focus on punishment after the event and punishment of people, while ignoring the development of the environment, which leads to more and more serious environmental problems. Because the economic interests of the criminals will cause more and more damage to the environment, the environmental crime problem becomes very passive. We must step up the crackdown of the criminal law, change our concepts, and learn from the experience of foreign countries. It can effectively reduce the damage to the environment, and fully reflect the prevention function of criminal law, appease the function of compensation and education. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the general situation of environmental crime, including the concept, characteristics and constitutive elements of environmental crime, in order to better understand the relevant content of environmental crime; the second part of the foreign environmental criminal law legislation investigation, It includes the representative countries of the civil law system, Germany, Japan, Russia and the common law system, the United Kingdom and the United States. Through the investigation and analysis of the foreign environmental criminal law, we can get enlightenment and reference in perfecting the criminal law. The third part focuses on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the environmental criminal law legislation in our country. The fourth part of the third part of the more advanced environmental crime legislation concept is backward, the legislative system is not perfect, the elements of crime is unreasonable, punishment is light, sanctions are single and so on. To punish the environmental crime is not the ultimate goal to destroy the environment. It is the ultimate goal to repair and control the environment in time and make early prevention, and then to protect our ecological environment well.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D924.3

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2178855