本文選題：犯罪構成 + 出罪機制　； 參考：《南京師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：實踐品格的缺失是犯罪構成理論研究中存在的最大問題。犯罪構成體系應當能夠針對刑事司法實踐中所突顯出的問題,回應刑事司法的需求。當前,我國刑事司法的最大問題就在于刑事辯護難,辯護與控訴之間難以平等對話。如何實現(xiàn)控辯平衡成為刑事司法最迫切需要解決的問題。從面向司法的角度,犯罪構成體系的改造就應當致力于為刑事辯護服務,集中解決刑事辯護難的問題。而刑事辯護在犯罪構成上最直接和最重要的依靠和支撐就在于“出罪”上,但目前,不論在刑法理論還是司法實踐中,我國傳統(tǒng)犯罪構成體系的“出罪功能”都很薄弱。因此,犯罪構成的制度設計必須向刑事辯護傾斜,要以“出罪”為突破口,建立一套完善的犯罪構成體系的“出罪機制”,以平衡“入罪”與“出罪”的雙向評價機制。本文主要分為四個部分： 第一部分主要討論相關的概念�！俺鲎铩笔且粋�十分寬泛的概念,最終作無罪處理的都可稱之為“出罪”�！俺鲎铩本哂卸喾N形式,可分為“立法出罪”與“司法出罪”、“實體出罪”與“程序出罪”,犯罪構成體系的“出罪”兼具“司法出罪”與“實體出罪”的雙重屬性。犯罪構成體系的“出罪”依據(jù)方式不同,又可區(qū)分為否定構成要件要素的“出罪”和主張“出罪事由”的“出罪”,犯罪構成體系的“出罪機制”就是“出罪事由”在犯罪構成體系內(nèi)部的體系化展開。 第二部分討論“出罪機制”的建構依據(jù)。當下,主張建構犯罪構成體系的“出罪機制”既有刑事司法實踐的需求,也有來自理論上支撐和推動。從理論依據(jù)的角度,主張在犯罪構成體系內(nèi)建構“出罪機制”主要是基于三點考慮,即刑法謙抑的理念、控辯平衡的理念以及理論體系的邏輯自洽性；而從現(xiàn)實考量的角度,刑事辯護的困境、冤假錯案對司法公正的影響以及“情”與“法”相沖突的疑難案件都要求我國的犯罪構成體系作出回應和改變,而焦點就在于“出罪機制”的建構。 第三部分是對我國犯罪構成體系“出罪機制”的考察與反思。從與域外犯罪構成體系的比較中也可看出,我國的犯罪構成體系存在體系結構上的重大缺陷,即沒有一套獨立的“出罪機制”,由此導致我國的犯罪構成體系難以體現(xiàn)控辯雙方平衡博弈的動態(tài)定罪邏輯。 第四部分是對“出罪機制”的建構設想。犯罪構成體系不能僅僅關注于依法定罪,更需關注合理化的“出罪”,這就要求犯罪構成的制度設計必須向刑事辯護傾斜,將體現(xiàn)辯護話語的“出罪事由”納入犯罪構成體系內(nèi),建立一套體系化的“出罪機制”,使犯罪構成體系成為“入罪——出罪”的雙向評價機制。
[Abstract]:The lack of practical character is the biggest problem in the study of the theory of criminal constitution. The system of criminal constitution should be able to respond to the demand of criminal justice according to the problems highlighted in criminal justice practice. At present, the biggest problem of criminal justice in our country lies in the difficulty of criminal defense and the difficulty of equal dialogue between defense and complaint. How to achieve the balance between prosecution and defense has become the most urgent problem in criminal justice. From the point of view of facing the judicature, the reform of the criminal constitution system should focus on serving the criminal defense and solving the problem of the difficulty in the criminal defense. The most direct and important support of the criminal defense in the constitution of the crime lies in the "crime out", but at present, the function of the traditional crime constitution system of our country is very weak in both the criminal law theory and the judicial practice. Therefore, the system design of the constitution of the crime must be inclined to the criminal defense, taking "crime out" as the breakthrough point, establishing a set of perfect "crime mechanism" of the constitution system of crime, in order to balance the two-way evaluation mechanism of "guilty" and "out of crime". This paper is divided into four parts: The first part mainly discusses the related concepts. "crime" is a very broad concept, the final acquittal can be called "crime." "Crime out" can be divided into "legislation crime" and "judicial crime", "entity crime" and "procedure crime". The crime constitution system has the dual attributes of "judicial crime" and "substantial crime". According to the different ways of crime constitution system, it can be divided into "crime out" which negates the elements of constitutive elements and "crime" which advocates "crime subject matter". The "crime mechanism" of the crime constitution system is the systematization of the crime constitution system. The second part discusses the construction basis of the crime mechanism. At present, there are not only the needs of criminal judicial practice, but also the theoretical support and promotion of the "crime mechanism" which advocates the construction of crime constitution system. From the angle of theoretical basis, it is mainly based on three considerations to advocate the construction of "crime mechanism" in the system of constitution of crime, namely, the idea of modesty of criminal law, the idea of balance between prosecution and defense, and the logical self-consistency of theoretical system, and from the angle of realistic consideration, The dilemma of criminal defense, the influence of unjust and false cases on judicial justice and the difficult cases of conflict between "emotion" and "law" require our country's criminal constitution system to respond and change, but the focus is on the construction of "crime mechanism". The third part is the investigation and reflection on the system of crime constitution in China. It can also be seen from the comparison with the extraterritorial crime constitution system that there is a major defect in the system structure of our country, that is, there is no independent "crime mechanism". As a result, the criminal constitution system of our country is difficult to embody the dynamic conviction logic of the balance game between the prosecution and the defense. The fourth part is the construction of the crime mechanism. The system of constitution of crime should not only focus on the conviction according to law, but also pay attention to the rational "crime", which requires that the system design of the constitution of crime must be inclined to the criminal defense. In this paper, the author brings the reason of crime into the system of crime constitution, sets up a set of systematic mechanism of crime, and makes the system of crime constitution become a two-way evaluation mechanism of "incrimination-crime out".
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924

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