本文選題：量刑基準(zhǔn) + 基準(zhǔn)刑��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：量刑基準(zhǔn)主要有廣義和狹義之分,前者是指法官在量刑的過程中所應(yīng)該考慮的因素以及遵循的原則,而后者主要是指抽象個罪在剔除法定的量刑情節(jié)和酌定量刑情節(jié)所應(yīng)該判處的刑罰量,它表現(xiàn)為一定的刑罰幅度而不是一個具體的點。本文采取的是狹義的量刑基準(zhǔn)概念,即認(rèn)為量刑基準(zhǔn)是指剔除各種法定的量刑情節(jié)和酌定的量刑情節(jié),抽象個罪在一般既遂狀態(tài)的犯罪構(gòu)成的基本事實所應(yīng)判處的刑罰量。刑基準(zhǔn)表現(xiàn)為一定的刑罰幅度而并不是表現(xiàn)為一個具體的刑罰點量刑基準(zhǔn)是一個抽象的、規(guī)范層面的存在,它與基準(zhǔn)刑并不是同一個概念。 對于量刑基準(zhǔn)的確立,本文提出了量刑基準(zhǔn)確立的兩種思路：一是通過數(shù)學(xué)的邏輯思路,將刑罰量“程式化”；二是契合司法實踐的需要,將量刑基準(zhǔn)的規(guī)范性和可操作性相結(jié)合。傳統(tǒng)的確立方法主要有五種：中線論、重心論、主要因素論、形勢論和分格論。本文對這五種方法作出了相應(yīng)的評價,認(rèn)為每種方法均優(yōu)勢、不足并存。另外有學(xué)者提出了一種量刑基準(zhǔn)確立的新理論：計算程式法。這種理論的精髓在于：量刑基準(zhǔn)是一個由起點刑和終點刑組成的刑罰幅度,“起點——終點”之間的刑罰幅度變化值是通過一定的計算程式得來的。在確立量刑基準(zhǔn)時,“計算程式理論”區(qū)分了數(shù)額犯和非數(shù)額犯,并提出了三種模式。計算程式理論論證充分、理論體系完備,雖然存在不足,但瑕不掩瑜。 對于量刑基準(zhǔn)的規(guī)范,本文主要以最高人民法院頒布的《人民法院量刑指導(dǎo)意見(試行)》為藍(lán)本�！兑庖姟穼τ诹啃桃�(guī)范化具有十分深遠(yuǎn)的影響,它規(guī)定了量刑三步驟：確定量刑起點→在量刑起點的基礎(chǔ)上確定基準(zhǔn)刑→根據(jù)各種量刑情節(jié)調(diào)整基準(zhǔn)刑從而確定宣告刑。本文對《意見》規(guī)定的量刑方法做出了評價,認(rèn)為它是優(yōu)勢與不足并存。其中,它的內(nèi)在優(yōu)勢是：量刑方法的“定性”和“定量”相結(jié)合,為法官作出準(zhǔn)確的宣告刑提供“雙重保障”；在確定基準(zhǔn)刑時,借鑒了“計算程式”理論的原理；在確定宣告刑時,采用了浮動制量刑比例模式；統(tǒng)一了量刑步驟,確保法官量刑“有章可循”,并對如何確定量刑起點、基準(zhǔn)刑和宣告刑作了具體化。它的不足主要有兩點：一是沒有明確規(guī)定量刑基準(zhǔn)的概念以及確立方法,不利于將量刑基準(zhǔn)和基準(zhǔn)刑的概念相區(qū)分；二是只規(guī)定了十五個常見罪名的基準(zhǔn)刑,對于指導(dǎo)量刑實踐顯得不足。最后,本文分析了兩個典型的案例,分析如何確定根據(jù)犯罪數(shù)額確定量刑的起點和基準(zhǔn)刑以及幾個量刑情節(jié)并存時的適用。
[Abstract]:Sentencing criteria are mainly divided into broad sense and narrow sense. The former refers to the factors to be considered and the principles to be followed by judges in the process of sentencing. The latter mainly refers to the amount of penalty that should be imposed by abstracting individual crime in eliminating statutory circumstances of sentencing and discretionary circumstances of sentencing, which shows a certain range of penalties rather than a specific point. This paper adopts the concept of sentencing benchmark in a narrow sense, that is to say, the standard of sentencing refers to the amount of penalty that should be imposed by excluding all kinds of statutory circumstances of sentencing and discretionary circumstances of sentencing and abstracting the basic facts of the constitution of the crime in the general accomplished state. The standard of punishment represents a certain range of penalties, but not a specific penalty point. It is an abstract and normative existence, and it is not the same concept as the standard penalty. As for the establishment of sentencing benchmark, this paper puts forward two ways of establishing sentencing benchmark: one is to "program" the amount of penalty through mathematical logic, the other is to meet the needs of judicial practice. The standard and maneuverability of sentencing standard are combined. There are five kinds of traditional methods: centroid theory, barycenter theory, main factor theory, situation theory and division theory. This paper makes a corresponding evaluation of the five methods, and thinks that each method has advantages and disadvantages. In addition, some scholars put forward a new theory of sentencing benchmark: computational programming. The essence of this theory is that the standard of sentencing is a penalty range composed of the starting penalty and the terminal penalty, and the range of the penalty range between the starting point and the end point is obtained by a certain calculation program. In establishing the standard of sentencing, the Computational Program Theory distinguishes the amount crime from the non-amount crime, and puts forward three models. The computational program theory is well demonstrated and the theoretical system is complete. As for the standard of sentencing, this paper mainly takes the sentencing guidance of the people's Court (trial) issued by the Supreme people's Court as the model. The opinion has a profound influence on the standardization of sentencing. It stipulates three steps of sentencing: to determine the starting point of sentencing on the basis of sentencing starting point to determine the standard punishment according to various sentencing circumstances to adjust the standard penalty to determine the sentence of declaration. This paper evaluates the sentencing method stipulated in opinion, and considers that it is the coexistence of advantages and disadvantages. Among them, its inherent advantages are: the combination of "qualitative" and "quantitative" sentencing methods to provide a "double guarantee" for the judge to make an accurate declaration of punishment; In the determination of the sentence, the floating system is adopted, the sentencing steps are unified to ensure that the judge "has rules to follow" in sentencing, and how to determine the starting point of sentencing, the standard penalty and the proclamation penalty are concretized. It has two main shortcomings: first, it does not clearly define the concept and method of sentencing benchmark, which is not conducive to the distinction between sentencing benchmark and benchmark punishment; second, it only stipulates the standard penalty for 15 common crimes. For the guidance of sentencing practice is inadequate. Finally, this paper analyzes two typical cases, and analyzes how to determine the starting point and benchmark punishment of sentencing according to the amount of crime and the applicability of several circumstances of sentencing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.13

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