本文選題：組織作弊 + 犯罪構成��； 參考：《安徽大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年考試作弊犯罪明顯增多,同時我國《刑法》中缺失規(guī)制組織作弊犯罪的專有罪名,按照行為不同分別定罪的模式并不能準確反映組織作弊犯罪的社會危害性,因此刑法修正案(九)增設了組織考試作弊罪,懲治在"法律規(guī)定的國家考試"中組織作弊、幫助組織作弊的行為。而為了更準確的適用本罪,做到罪責刑相一致,需要就本罪的認定標準進行分析研究,主要包括構成要件的認定、停止形態(tài)的認定、共犯的認定以及罪數(shù)的認定等四個方面。具體而言,在本罪構成要件方面,客觀上,本罪的實行行為包括組織作弊和幫助組織作弊,通過招募、引誘等手段,策劃、安排、指揮他人實施考試作弊的構成本罪,但本罪并非適用于所有的組織作弊行為,在我國的考試中,并非所有的考試都屬于本罪的對象,需要符合"法律規(guī)定"和"國家考試"雙重標準,并且對組織作弊的方式也應有一定限制,明顯只屬于考場違紀行為的并不屬于本罪的規(guī)制范圍。同時刑法修正案(九)還對組織考試作弊罪設定了"情節(jié)嚴重"的情形,認定時應當結合行為和結果綜合分析,對實施了具有嚴重社會危害,同時對國家考試管理秩序以及其他考生公平參考等法益造成了嚴重侵害或具有其他嚴重社會影響的犯罪行為認定為"情節(jié)嚴重"。主觀上,組織考試作弊罪的主體應包括自然人和單位,16周歲以上的自然人實施組織考試作弊行為或幫助組織考試作弊行為就可構成本罪,具有特殊身份的考試工作人員實施組織作弊犯罪應當加重處罰。在確定單位能夠成為本罪主體的前提下,還應該準確區(qū)分真正的單位犯罪和以單位名義實施的自然人犯罪。同時,本罪的組織作弊犯罪應該屬故意犯罪且僅包含直接故意,但是幫助行為有可能存在過失犯,應當有區(qū)別的分析。在本罪的停止形態(tài)方面,應當依據(jù)組織行為完成說,認定行為人著手實施并完成組織考試作弊的行為即為既遂。認定著手時應分析犯罪人是否已經(jīng)開始實施刑法分則規(guī)定的具體犯罪構成客觀方面,開始實施符合組織考試作弊罪犯罪構成的行為即為著手。在確定本罪著手標準的基礎上,根據(jù)是因犯罪人自身意志以外的原因未完成還是犯罪人主動放棄繼續(xù)犯罪認定行為人屬于本罪的未遂還是中止。而本罪的預備階段應當是行為人開始實施獲取試題答案、購買作弊工具、招募替考人員等組織行為之前,即準備犯罪工具的行為就應當認定為已經(jīng)著手實施組織行為。在共犯的認定方面,組織考試作弊犯罪的共犯是任意的共犯,一人也可以構成組織考試作弊罪,但司法實踐中組織作弊犯罪一般由多人共同實施已經(jīng)成為常態(tài),對于組織者應根據(jù)其在犯罪實施過程中所起到的作用認定主犯或從犯。同時,對于幫助組織考試作弊行為,刑法修正案(九)將其單獨規(guī)定,與組織作弊行為適用相同的刑罰標準,不按從犯處理,是為了強調(diào)刑法的評價功能,與幫助組織作弊行為的社會危害性相當。在本罪的罪數(shù)認定方面,實施組織作弊的行為有可能構成非法獲取國家秘密罪、故意泄露國家秘密罪、非法生產(chǎn)、銷售專用間諜器材、竊聽、竊照專用器材罪或者瀆職犯罪等罪,應當區(qū)分本罪與這些罪名的界限,以及組織作弊行為構成數(shù)罪時應如何定罪處罰。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the exam cheating crime increased significantly, while the lack of regulation organizations in our country criminal law in the crime of cheating "proprietary charges, not in accordance with the different behavior patterns and conviction respectively reflect the organization of cheating on the social harmfulness of crime, the criminal law amendment (nine) added group cheating crime, the punishment of cheating in law" "in the national examination organization, to help organize cheating. In order to apply the more accurate, that punishment is consistent, need analysis and Research on the standards of this crime, including the constitutive elements of the recognition, identification of stop form, the four aspects of identification of the number and an accomplice of the crime that specifically. And in the constituent elements of this crime, objectively, its practice behavior including the organization to help organize the cheating and cheating, by recruiting, luring and other means, planning, implementation arrangements, directing others to cheat in the exam The constitution of this crime, but the crime is not applicable to all organizations cheating, in our test, the object not all belong to the exam, need to comply with the "law" and "national examination" double standards, and the organization way of cheating also should have certain limits, obviously belong to the examination discipline behavior this crime does not belong to the scope of the regulation. At the same time, the criminal law amendment (nine) of the organization crime of cheating in the exam set a "serious" case, identification should be based on comprehensive analysis of behavior and result, with serious social harm to the implementation of the national examination at the same time, order management and other candidates fair reference legal interests seriously the infringement or other criminal behavior has serious social effects as "serious". Subjectively, the main organization of cheating crime should include natural person and unit, the implementation of 16 weeks over the age of natural person The organization of the examination cheating or help the organization of the examination cheating can constitute a crime, the examination staff has the special status of the organization and implementation of cheating crime should be aggravating. To become a prerequisite in determining the subject of the crime unit, should also accurately distinguish between natural and real unit crime in the name of the unit crime. At the same time, the the organization is a deliberate crime and crime of cheating should include only direct intentional, but help behavior may have negligence, should analyze the difference. In this crime stop shape, should be based on the organization for the completion of said acts that people begin to implement and complete the organization of the examination cheating behavior is accomplished. To be recognized analysis of whether a suspect has begun the implementation of specific crimes in specific provisions of criminal law constitutes the objective aspect, started with the organization of the crime of cheating in the exam Behavior is based on determining this crime to proceed. According to the standard, is the reason for the crime outside of their own volition or unfinished criminal acts that people continue to take the initiative to give up the crime belongs to the attempted or discontinuance of crime. The crime preparation stage should be implemented to obtain human behavior answers to questions, buy cheating tool, before recruitment take the test personnel organization behavior, namely crime tools to behavior should be recognized as has started to implement the organizational behavior. In the identification of accomplice, the crime of organizing cheating is arbitrary accomplice, one can also constitute the organization crime of cheating in the exam, but in the judicial practice of cheating crime generally by the common people has become the implementation the norm for the organizers should according to its implementation plays a role in the process of the determination of principal or accomplice in the crime. At the same time, to help the organization for cheating in the examination As the criminal law amendment (nine) the provisions of the individual and organization, cheating to apply the same standard of criminal penalty, not by accessory treatment, is emphasized in order to evaluate the function of criminal law, and help organize the cheating behavior of social harmfulness. Identified in the crime number, the organization and implementation of cheating behavior may constitute illegal obtaining state secrets, the crime of deliberately leaking state secrets, illegal production and sales of specialized espionage equipment, eavesdropping, stealing according to special equipment or the crime of dereliction of duty crimes, should limit the distinction between this crime and the crime of cheating, and constitute several crimes should be how to be convicted and punished.

【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3

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