本文選題：污染環(huán)境罪　切入點(diǎn)：犯罪構(gòu)成　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：《刑法修正案（八）》對(duì)重大環(huán)境污染事故罪進(jìn)行了較大修改，將其更名為污染環(huán)境罪，降低了入罪門檻，體現(xiàn)了對(duì)污染環(huán)境行為從嚴(yán)治理的精神。但是，學(xué)界對(duì)污染環(huán)境罪犯罪構(gòu)成要件的一些問(wèn)題沒(méi)有形成統(tǒng)一的認(rèn)識(shí)，導(dǎo)致在司法實(shí)踐中難以準(zhǔn)確適用本罪處理環(huán)境污染案件。因此，對(duì)于污染環(huán)境罪成立要件進(jìn)行研究，并提出合理的完善建議是非常有必要的。文章正文分為四個(gè)部分對(duì)污染環(huán)境罪進(jìn)行了研究和論述。 第一部分對(duì)污染環(huán)境罪進(jìn)行了概述。首先，為刑法介入環(huán)境保護(hù)尋找依據(jù)。以刑法規(guī)制污染環(huán)境行為具有正當(dāng)性，從我國(guó)污染現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看需要更嚴(yán)厲處罰措施來(lái)遏制頻發(fā)的環(huán)境污染事件，同時(shí)國(guó)際社會(huì)也普遍認(rèn)同將刑法作為保護(hù)環(huán)境的必要手段；其次，對(duì)我國(guó)環(huán)境刑法的立法發(fā)展進(jìn)行了概述，重點(diǎn)闡述了污染環(huán)境罪的發(fā)展歷程。最后，分析并總結(jié)了污染環(huán)境罪的特點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為本罪具有行政犯屬性、公害性、危害結(jié)果嚴(yán)重性、危害結(jié)果持續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)。 第二部分對(duì)污染環(huán)境罪的構(gòu)成要件進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)分析闡述。犯罪客體上，我國(guó)學(xué)界對(duì)本罪的犯罪客體沒(méi)有形成統(tǒng)一的認(rèn)識(shí)，存在諸多爭(zhēng)論。主要存在公共安全說(shuō)、環(huán)保制度說(shuō)、環(huán)境權(quán)說(shuō)、環(huán)境利益說(shuō)以及復(fù)雜客體說(shuō)，通過(guò)分析，最終認(rèn)定本罪的犯罪客體為復(fù)雜客體，即公民的環(huán)境權(quán)和我國(guó)的環(huán)保制度；客觀方面，從危害行為、危害結(jié)果和因果關(guān)系三個(gè)方面對(duì)本罪的客觀方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述。在危害行為方面，主要對(duì)“違反國(guó)家規(guī)定”的具體內(nèi)容、行為對(duì)象的范圍以及行為方式三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了較為深入的分析探討。在危害結(jié)果方面，分析了本罪是否應(yīng)該處罰危險(xiǎn)犯。因果關(guān)系方面，建議在相當(dāng)因果關(guān)系說(shuō)無(wú)法證明污染環(huán)境行為與損害結(jié)果之間存在因果關(guān)系時(shí)，以疫學(xué)因果關(guān)系證明方法為補(bǔ)充；在犯罪主體上，學(xué)界對(duì)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)能否作為本罪的犯罪主體存在爭(zhēng)議，筆者通過(guò)論述認(rèn)為國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)不宜作為本罪的犯罪主體。主觀方面，通過(guò)對(duì)過(guò)失說(shuō)、故意說(shuō)和雙重罪過(guò)說(shuō)的探討，最終認(rèn)定本罪的主觀罪過(guò)形式為間接故意。 第三部分是從理論和司法實(shí)踐兩個(gè)方面對(duì)污染環(huán)境罪的具體認(rèn)定問(wèn)題進(jìn)行論述。首先，從犯罪構(gòu)成要件的角度出發(fā)對(duì)污染環(huán)境罪與投放危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)罪、危險(xiǎn)物品肇事罪、以及傳染病菌種、毒種擴(kuò)散罪進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，在理論方面對(duì)本罪與其他罪名予以界定。其次，結(jié)合司法實(shí)踐中的具體案例，進(jìn)一步明晰它們之間的界限，并指出司法實(shí)踐中適用本罪時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。 第四部分是污染環(huán)境罪的完善建議。對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)有環(huán)境刑法體系提出了完善建議：一是在刑法分則中設(shè)立環(huán)境犯罪專章；二是通過(guò)借鑒國(guó)外立法例，對(duì)污染環(huán)境罪進(jìn)行細(xì)化。力圖使我國(guó)刑法在處理環(huán)境犯罪問(wèn)題時(shí)更具有針對(duì)性。在刑罰方面，指出污染環(huán)境罪現(xiàn)有刑罰規(guī)定存在缺陷，，難以適應(yīng)打擊環(huán)境犯罪的要求，應(yīng)完善刑罰種類并加大處罰力度，提高對(duì)環(huán)境犯罪的震懾力度，實(shí)現(xiàn)本罪打擊環(huán)境犯罪的立法目的及要求。
[Abstract]:The amendment of criminal law of criminal law ( 8 ) has made great amendments to the crime of major environmental pollution accident , and renamed its name as the crime of environmental pollution , lowered the threshold of crime , and embodied the spirit of strict control of environmental pollution . However , it is very necessary to study the constitutive elements of environmental pollution . Therefore , it is necessary to study the constitutive elements of environmental pollution .

The first part gives an overview of the crime of environmental pollution . First of all , to find the basis for the intervention of environmental protection in the criminal law . In the light of the legitimacy of the environmental pollution caused by the laws and regulations , more severe punishment measures are needed to curb the environmental pollution incidents . At the same time , the international community agrees to adopt the criminal law as the necessary means to protect the environment .
Secondly , the legislative development of environmental criminal law in China is outlined , and the development course of environmental crime is discussed . Finally , the characteristics of environmental crime are analyzed and summarized . It is believed that the crime has the characteristics of attribute of administrative offence , public hazard , seriousness of harm result and persistence of harm result .

The second part focuses on the constitutive elements of the crime of environmental pollution . On the object of the crime , there are many disputes about the crime object of the crime . There are many disputes . The main problems exist in the public security theory , the environmental protection system theory , the environmental right theory , the environmental interest theory and the complex object , and finally , the object of the crime is considered as a complex object , that is , the environmental right of the citizen and the environmental protection system of our country ;
On the objective aspect , the objective aspects of the crime are expounded in detail from three aspects of harm behavior , harm result and causality .
On the subject of crime , there is a dispute about whether the State organ can act as the subject of the crime , and the author thinks that the state organ should not be the subject of the crime of the crime . The subjective aspect , through the discussion of negligence , intentional and double crime , finally finds that the subjective crime of the crime is indirect intention .

The third part discusses the specific cognizance of the crime of environmental pollution from two aspects of theory and judicial practice . First , from the angle of the constitutive elements of the crime , the author makes a comparative analysis on the crime of environmental pollution and the crime of throwing dangerous substances , the crime of dangerous goods and the crime of infectious diseases and the spread of poisonous species .

The fourth part is the perfect suggestion to the crime of environmental pollution . The author puts forward some suggestions to the existing environmental criminal law system in our country : firstly , to set up the special chapter of environmental crime in the sub - rule of criminal law ;
Second , by using foreign legislation example , the crime of environmental pollution is refined . In order to make our country ' s criminal law more targeted in dealing with environmental crime problem , it is pointed out that there are some defects in the existing punishment of environmental crime , and it is difficult to adapt to the requirement of environmental crime .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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