本文選題：聚眾　切入點(diǎn)：斗毆　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聚眾斗毆罪（本文以下簡稱“本罪”，但是目錄和引言除外）是指行為人組織、策劃、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、指揮多人斗毆或者積極參加此類斗毆，嚴(yán)重破壞社會公共秩序的行為。無論是在刑法理論還是司法實(shí)踐，本罪的基本犯罪構(gòu)成、加重情節(jié)以及轉(zhuǎn)化犯罪方面均存在諸多爭議。因此，這三大方面有很多問題還需要深入探討。本文采取理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際、演繹推理、比較分析等方法，對本罪的基本構(gòu)成、加重情形以及轉(zhuǎn)化犯三個方面的難點(diǎn)問題進(jìn)行研究。 除了引言，本文分為四部分，約三萬三千字，主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一部分是關(guān)于本罪基本犯罪構(gòu)成中客觀行為的認(rèn)定。本罪基本犯罪構(gòu)成中最難認(rèn)定的是其客觀行為，具體包括“聚眾”的理解、“斗毆”的認(rèn)定以及本罪的行為構(gòu)造三方面的內(nèi)容。本文認(rèn)為，“聚眾”是一種客觀情勢，具體指的是行為人一方糾集三人以上（包括本數(shù)）或行為人一方自發(fā)聚集規(guī)模達(dá)到三人以上（包括本數(shù)）而形成的一種事實(shí)狀態(tài)。其中，“眾”的計(jì)算應(yīng)該以單方人數(shù)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而不應(yīng)以雙方或多方人數(shù)之和為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，未到達(dá)斗毆現(xiàn)場的人也可以被計(jì)算在“眾”的范圍之內(nèi)，糾集者本人應(yīng)當(dāng)包括在“眾”的范圍之內(nèi)，“聚眾”并不要求雙方均符合聚眾的要求，只要一方符合“聚眾”的要求該方就可以構(gòu)成本罪；“斗毆”并不要求雙方的行為均是非法行為，在一方行為合法的情況下，實(shí)施非法行為的一方仍可構(gòu)成本罪；斗毆的地點(diǎn)不應(yīng)有所限制，即便是發(fā)生在比較隱蔽場合的斗毆行為，只要其他條件符合（具有實(shí)質(zhì)危害），也可能構(gòu)成本罪；聚眾斗毆是一行為，“聚眾”在本罪的行為構(gòu)造中應(yīng)理解為一種客觀情勢。 第二部分是關(guān)于本罪加重情節(jié)認(rèn)定中的疑難問題。本罪的加重情形共包括4種，具體包括“多次聚眾斗毆的”、“聚眾斗毆人數(shù)多，規(guī)模大，社會影響惡劣的”、“在公共場所或者交通要道聚眾斗毆，造成社會秩序嚴(yán)重混亂的”、“持械聚眾斗毆的”。這四種加重情形中，本文只選取其中較為疑難的“多次聚眾斗毆”和“持械聚眾斗毆”兩種加重情形加以研究。本文認(rèn)為，本罪的加重情節(jié)從屬于基本犯罪構(gòu)成；“多次聚眾斗毆”中的“多次”應(yīng)理解為三次及以上，每次都要獨(dú)立構(gòu)成聚眾斗毆罪，，“多次”的認(rèn)定應(yīng)結(jié)合追訴時(shí)效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行計(jì)算；“持械聚眾斗毆”中的“械”的范圍及持械聚眾斗毆責(zé)任人范圍的認(rèn)定都應(yīng)采取主客觀相統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來進(jìn)行認(rèn)定。 第三部分是關(guān)于聚眾斗毆致人重傷、死亡的認(rèn)定研究。此部分主要討論轉(zhuǎn)化條款性質(zhì)的認(rèn)定、本罪轉(zhuǎn)化犯的成立條件以及本罪轉(zhuǎn)化犯中責(zé)任的分配和轉(zhuǎn)化犯的自首問題。本文認(rèn)為，聚眾斗毆罪中的轉(zhuǎn)化條款應(yīng)該理解為一種注意性規(guī)定，而非法律擬制，行為人的行為只有符合下列條件時(shí)方可轉(zhuǎn)化定罪：有行為人的行為已經(jīng)構(gòu)成聚眾斗毆罪的前提下，該行為人在聚眾斗毆的過程中出于故意傷害或故意殺人的故意實(shí)施了傷害或殺害行為，且該行為造成了他人重傷或死亡的結(jié)果；若行為人系一般參加者而未構(gòu)成聚眾斗毆罪，在聚眾斗毆過程中致人重傷或死亡的，不適用轉(zhuǎn)化條款，直接按相應(yīng)的犯罪處理即可。其中“致人重傷或死亡”中的“人”既可以包括對方人員也可以是本方人員和其他無辜者；轉(zhuǎn)化犯中責(zé)任的劃分要結(jié)合主客觀相統(tǒng)一的理念進(jìn)行認(rèn)定，只有客觀上造成了他人重傷或死亡的結(jié)果，并且主觀上對此種結(jié)果的發(fā)生具有犯罪故意的人方可承擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)化責(zé)任；轉(zhuǎn)化后的犯罪與本罪相比其行為性質(zhì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，屬不同種罪行，行為人供述轉(zhuǎn)化后的罪行可以成立特殊自首。 第四部分為結(jié)語。本文認(rèn)為，在本罪司法認(rèn)定的過程中，應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格遵循刑法基本原則，并結(jié)合共同犯罪的相關(guān)理論，對本罪在司法認(rèn)定中的存在的難題進(jìn)行正確地分析和解決。另外，對于本文尚未涉及到的有關(guān)本罪其他方面的問題，筆者日后有機(jī)會將對其繼續(xù)加以研究和探索。
[Abstract]:The crime of affray (hereinafter referred to as the "crime", but the introduction and directory except) refers to the act of planning, organization, leadership, fighting command people or actively participate in the fight, seriously undermining public order behavior. Whether in the criminal law theory and judicial practice, the basic form of the crime, aggravated and there are many disputes in the transformed crime. Therefore, there are many problems still need to discuss these three aspects. This paper adopts the theory with practice, deductive reasoning, comparative analysis and other methods, the basic form of this crime, aggravated the situation and problems of transforming crime from three aspects of the study.
In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into four parts, about thirty-three thousand words, the main contents are as follows:
The first part is the identification of the objective behavior in the crime. This crime constitutes the crime of basic basic crime is the most difficult to identify the objective behavior, including the "mob", "fight" as well as the structural behavior of three aspects. This paper argues that the "mob" is a kind of objective situation, specific refers to the behavior of one party gathered more than three people (including the number) or a spontaneous aggregation behavior of people reached more than three people (including the number) a state of fact formed. Among them, "the" calculation should unilaterally by people as the standard and should not take two or more people and as a standard, not to fight the man on the spot can be calculated within the "range, I gathered should be included in the" public "," mob "does not accord with the requirements of the requirements of both sides, as long as the party meets" The "the party can constitute a crime;" fights "does not require the conduct of the parties is illegal, in a legal case, the illegal behavior of a party can constitute the crime of affray; location should not be limited, even in relatively hidden occasions agonistic behaviors as long as the other conditions are met (with substantial harm), may also constitute the crime of affray; is a behavior," mob "should be understood as a kind of objective situation in the behavior structure of this crime.
The second part is about the problems identified in the plot aggravated. The aggravation situation includes 4 kinds, including "repeated affray", "affray number, large scale, bad social influence", "in public places or traffic mob fights, causing serious public disorder", "armed affray." the four aggravating circumstances, this thesis onlyselects difficult affraying frequently and "armed affray" two aggravating circumstances to study. This paper argues that the aggravating circumstances belong to the basic constitution of crime; affraying frequently in "multiple" to understand and more than three times, each time independent constitute the crime of affray, identification of "many times" should be calculated with the limitation of prosecution standards; "armed affray" in the "mechanical" scope and Identification of armed affray responsibility range should take the unity of subjective and objective criteria to be recognized.
The third part is about the crime of affray causing serious injury, death of identified. This part mainly discusses the recognition of the transformed nature of the conditions of establishment of the clause, and the transforming crime of transforming crime in the allocation of responsibility and surrender of transforming crime. This paper argues that, in terms of affray crime should be understood as a note of the provisions instead, the legal fiction, the act only when the following conditions are met: the premise is can be transformed into a conviction behavior of human behavior has constituted the crime of affray, the behavior of people in the affray in intentional injury or intentional homicide intentionally hurt or killed, and the resulting behavior another serious injury or death results; if the perpetrator generally participants did not constitute the crime of affray, in the crime of affray causing serious injury or death, do not apply directly on the conversion terms The criminal treatment can be accordingly. The "causing serious injury or death" of "person" can include other personnel can also be the party personnel and other innocent persons; division of responsibility for transforming crime cognizance of the combination of subjective and objective unity concept, only objectively caused him serious injury or death results on this, and subjective results with intentional crime person shall undertake the transformation responsibility; transformed crime and crime compared to the nature of their behavior has changed, is not the same type of crime, behavior crime can be transformed into a confession made special surrender.
The fourth part is the conclusion. This paper argues that in the process of judicial confirmation, shall strictly follow the basic principles of criminal law, and combined with the theory of common crime, the correct analysis and solution of the crime in the judicial determination of the existence of the problem. In addition, the other problems related to this paper is not related to the author. The days after the opportunity to continue to study and explore.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3

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