本文關鍵詞： 侵犯人身權利 多次 同種數(shù)罪 并罰　出處：《安徽大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：多次實施同種侵犯人身權利的行為是指,行為人基于數(shù)個相同的犯罪故意,實施數(shù)個侵犯人身權利行為,數(shù)個行為的性質相同,觸犯了相同罪名的犯罪行為。在通常情況下,如果行為人的數(shù)次侵犯同種人身權利行為之間沒有關聯(lián)性,侵犯對象也不是同一人,自然成立同種數(shù)罪。但在特殊情況下,數(shù)次行為之間可能存在各種競合關系,或者侵犯對象為同一人,此時是否成立同種數(shù)罪,學界對此認識不一。本文認為,在此種情形下仍然成立同種數(shù)罪。罪數(shù)和罪名數(shù)是兩個不同的概念,多次侵犯他人人身權利犯罪,只要行為人主觀上具有多次相同的侵犯他人人身權利的犯罪故意,客觀上多次實施了性質相同的犯罪行為,符合多個相同的侵犯人身權利的基本犯罪構成,觸犯了多個相同的侵犯人身權利犯罪罪名,在原理上就已經構成了同種數(shù)罪。此外,有學者主張對于行為人一次行為侵犯了多人的同種人身權利也應視為同種數(shù)罪,本文認為這種僅將侵犯法益的數(shù)量作為標準來加以定性,違背了主客觀相一致的原則,由于行為人只有一個行為,仍應視為一個犯罪,而不是同種數(shù)罪。 依據我國刑法通說,對異種數(shù)罪應當實行數(shù)罪并罰,但是對同種數(shù)罪應當以一罪處斷還是應數(shù)罪并罰,刑法學界對此一直沒有統(tǒng)一的認識。眾所周知,在三種情況下有可能要進行數(shù)罪并罰：一是判決宣告前一人犯數(shù)罪的并罰；二是判決宣告后,刑罰執(zhí)行完畢前,發(fā)現(xiàn)有漏罪的并罰；三是判決宣告以后,刑罰執(zhí)行完畢之前,被判刑的犯罪分子又犯新罪的并罰。①對第二種和第三種情況,判決已經宣告且沒有任何不當,只能通過并罰解決問題。在第一種情況下,對判決宣告前一人多次侵犯他人同種人身權利犯罪,我國刑法學界主要有一罰說、并罰說和折衷說三種觀點,一罰說主張一律以一罪論處,并罰說主張一律數(shù)罪并罰,折衷說主張區(qū)別情況分別對待。筆者認為,人身權利是個人專屬法益,刑法應當加以特殊保護,在侵犯人身權利中不能輕易承認連續(xù)犯的成立,同時一罪一刑、行為責任論和公正量刑的基本原則,也決定了對多次侵犯他人同種人身權利犯罪,應當以在數(shù)罪并罰為原則,在例外情況下根據不同情節(jié)及法律和相關司法解釋的規(guī)定確定罪數(shù)和處罰原則,雖然實踐中不并罰的情況較多,但也只能說明例外情況較多,量的大小不能影響到原則的成立。但是,僅僅確定處斷的原則是遠遠不夠的,對原則的諸多例外情況,有必要加以分析、歸納和列舉,提出在不同情況下的處斷方法,以便在實踐中規(guī)范司法行為。 對判決宣告以前行為人實施數(shù)個侵犯他人同種人身權利,應當進行并罰的情形。主要有：一是當侵犯人身權利犯罪只有一個幅度的法定刑,且最高法定刑較低時；二是侵犯人身權利犯罪雖有兩個以上幅度的法定刑,但不能因多次行為而提高法定刑時；三是數(shù)次同種侵犯人身權利犯罪的相隔時間較長；四是當多次侵犯同種人身權利,其中一次行為或數(shù)次行為存在想象競合時；五是當多次侵犯同種人身權利,其中一次行為或數(shù)次行為存在牽連關系時。 對判決宣告以前行為人實施數(shù)個侵犯他人同種人身權利,應當以一罪論處的情形。主要有：一是行為人連續(xù)侵犯同一人的同種人身權利的；二是刑法分則條文中明確將多次行為作為法定刑升格情節(jié)的；三是多次行為可視為“情節(jié)嚴重”或“情節(jié)特別嚴重”的；四是對多次實施侵犯人身權利行為規(guī)定的最高刑較重的；五是多次行為作為成立犯罪的構成要件的。
[Abstract]:The same repeated violations of personal rights behavior refers to the behavior of people, based on the number of the same criminal intent, the implementation of a number of violations of human rights, a number of acts of the same nature, violated the same criminal act charges. In general, if there is no connection between the personal rights of the behavior of several invasion make the same person, violation of the object is not the same person, the natural set up same crimes. But in special cases, there may be a variety of several competing relationship between the acts, or violation of the object is the same person, at this time whether the same number of crimes, scholars do not know. This paper argues that, in this case is still valid the same number of crime. Crime and crime number are two different concepts, many infringement of personal rights crime, as long as the actor has repeated the same infringement of personal rights of criminal intent, objectively implemented many times The nature of the same crime, with the same violation of personal rights violated the basic constitution of crime, the same violations of human rights crimes, in principle has been constituted the same number of crimes. In addition, some scholars advocate for the behavior of a violation of the people of the same person right should be regarded as the same number of crimes, this paper argues that this number will only violate the law benefits as the standard to be qualitative, contrary to the principle of subjective and objective consistent, because only one person, still should be regarded as a crime, but not the same number of crimes.
According to China's criminal law, the several dissimilar crimes shall be subject to punishment, but for the same number of crimes should be a crime or punishment, criminal law scholars have no unified understanding. As everyone knows, in the three case could lead to punishment before the judgment is pronounced: one is a person who commits several crimes of punishment two; after the judgment, the punishment has been completely executed before, found that leakage crime combined punishment; three is the judgment is pronounced later, before the completion of the penalty, the criminals convicted of having committed a crime. The punishment of second and third cases, the judgment has been declared without any improper, can only solve the problem of the punishment in the first case, right before the judgment is pronounced, many times a person infringes upon the same personal rights crime, the criminal law circles of our country have a penalty, punishment and compromise that three views, a penalty advocate a crime are to say Both claims are punished, punishment, eclecticism claims differences in the respective treatment. The author believes that human rights is personal law, criminal law should be of special protection, not easily recognized continuous offence in violation of personal rights, at the same time a crime a punishment, the basic principles of the act of responsibility and justice of sentencing. Has also decided to infringe the rights of the person with multiple crimes, which should be based on the principle of the punishment, in exceptional circumstances of crime and punishment principle is determined according to the provisions of different circumstances and the law and the relevant judicial interpretations, although the practice is not appropriate in many cases, but it can also explain the more exceptions, the size does not affect the principle was established. However, only certain breaking principle is not enough, many exceptions to the principle, it is necessary to analyze, summarize and list, put in different situations In order to regulate the judicial act in practice.
The announcement before the behavior of the implementation of a number of infringement of personal rights should be the same, for punishment. Mainly: one is the infringement of personal rights when the crime is only a range of legal punishment, the legal punishment and the highest is low; two is a violation of human rights crimes although there are more than two of the statutory range the punishment, but not because of repeated acts and improve the legal punishment; three is separated by several times the same violations of human rights crimes long time; four is the same as many violations of personal rights, including one or several behaviors of imaginative joinder of actions; five is the same as many violations of personal rights, including one act or several behavior is implicated.
The announcement before the behavior of the implementation of a number of infringement of personal rights should be the same, one crime situation. Mainly has: one is the behavior of the same person in the same continuous violation of personal rights; two is in specific provisions of criminal law clearly repeated acts as the legal punishment upgraded circumstances; three times the behavior can be regarded as "serious" or "if the circumstances are especially serious"; the four is the highest punishment for repeated violations of Human Rights Act five is heavy; repeated acts as the establishment of the constitutive requirements of crime.

【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3;D924.1

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