本文關(guān)鍵詞： 食品安全犯罪 構(gòu)成要件 司法認(rèn)定 立法完善　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“國以民為本，民以食為天，食以安為先�！笔称钒踩珶o小事，食品安全是關(guān)乎每一個(gè)人切身利益的重大議題。近些年來相繼曝光的瘦肉精、毒奶粉、毒豆芽、地溝油、病死豬肉等食品安全問題事件，不僅成為人們熱議的焦點(diǎn)，也成為刑法理論界和司法實(shí)務(wù)界關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。2011年2月25日通過的《中華人民共和國刑法修正案（八）》，對食品安全相關(guān)犯罪進(jìn)行了重大修改和增補(bǔ),2013年5月3日最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院頒布了《關(guān)于辦理危害食品安全刑事案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》，明確了食品安全犯罪的定罪量刑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提出了相關(guān)罪名的司法認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，統(tǒng)一了新型疑難案件的法律適用意見，為在全社會(huì)形成預(yù)防和懲治食品安全犯罪創(chuàng)造了良好氛圍。 本文試圖從食品安全和食品安全犯罪的定義出發(fā)，在具體闡述食品安全犯罪的特征及所涉罪名的基礎(chǔ)上對我國食品安全犯罪司法認(rèn)定中的疑難問題進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析，并通過介紹域外相關(guān)食品安全犯罪刑事規(guī)制的概況，為我國食品安全犯罪在司法中的適用和立法上的改進(jìn)提供一定的理論支撐。 本文第一部分開篇對食品的概念進(jìn)行法律層面上的界定，進(jìn)而提出食品安全及食品安全犯罪的概念。運(yùn)用比較研究的方法，對域外食品安全犯罪刑法規(guī)制進(jìn)行介紹和評析，大陸法系國家選取在食品安全刑法規(guī)制方面具有代表性的挪威、意大利、日本、俄羅斯為主要介紹對象；英美法系國家選取美國、英國為介紹對象，在分別對以上國家食品安全犯罪相關(guān)立法進(jìn)行介紹評析的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行吸收借鑒，以期為我國食品安全犯罪立法的完善起到“他山之石”的作用。本部分詳細(xì)介紹了我國食品安全犯罪刑法規(guī)制的發(fā)展軌跡，即從79刑法對食品安全具體規(guī)定的缺失到97刑法在分則中的明文規(guī)定；從《刑法修正案（八）》對食品安全犯罪的全面修改和增補(bǔ)，到“兩高”對食品安全犯罪適用法律問題的最新解釋。 本文第二部分介紹我國目前食品安全犯罪的特征及犯罪成因分析。本文創(chuàng)新視角，試圖從犯罪現(xiàn)象學(xué)和犯罪構(gòu)成要件兩個(gè)角度分別闡述食品安全犯罪的現(xiàn)象特征及構(gòu)成要件特征，而后從經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)層面和法制層面分析我國食品安全犯罪的原因，以更具針對性的預(yù)防和制止食品安全犯罪。 本文第三部分是對食品安全犯罪司法認(rèn)定的疑難問題分析，從食品安全犯罪的歸類、行為認(rèn)定及主體、主觀方面四個(gè)層面上進(jìn)行分析。本文認(rèn)為食品安全犯罪屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪，其主要客體是社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)管理秩序，因而不需對現(xiàn)有食品安全犯罪在刑法分則中的具體布置做出調(diào)整；食品安全犯罪對象上，應(yīng)對刑法上的食品作廣義上的理解，即包括食品和食品添加劑；轉(zhuǎn)基因食品包括食品和食品添加劑，該部分還對如何認(rèn)定“不符合安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食品”、“有毒、有害食品”加以分析；在食品安全犯罪具體行為上，本文認(rèn)為“生產(chǎn)、銷售”應(yīng)理解為食品生產(chǎn)和食品經(jīng)營活動(dòng)，包括食品的加工、銷售、運(yùn)輸、貯存的過程；“摻入”應(yīng)理解為人為的積極行動(dòng)，即把法律禁止使用的有毒、有害非食品原料加入生產(chǎn)、銷售的食品中的行為。在主體方面本文認(rèn)為食品安全犯罪中的“生產(chǎn)者”、“銷售者”不僅指狹義的生產(chǎn)者和銷售者，而應(yīng)概括理解為生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者即應(yīng)將加工者、運(yùn)輸者、貯存者納入其中；在食品安全犯罪單位犯罪方面，無證經(jīng)營的食品生產(chǎn)者或銷售者可以作為食品安全犯罪的主體，但不能以單位犯罪對其進(jìn)行定罪處罰。在主觀方面，本文認(rèn)為食品安全犯罪中生產(chǎn)銷售不符合安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食品罪及生產(chǎn)、銷售有毒、有害食品罪只能是間接故意，食品監(jiān)管瀆職罪罪過形式為故意或者過失。 本文第四部分在前文對我國食品安全犯罪體系的系統(tǒng)介紹基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒域外相關(guān)立法提出立法完善建議，建議合并刑法第143條生產(chǎn)、銷售不符合安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食品罪與第144條生產(chǎn)、銷售有毒、有害食品罪；拆分刑法第408條之一的罪名，將“食品監(jiān)管瀆職罪”修改為“食品安全監(jiān)管玩忽職守罪”、“食品安全監(jiān)管濫用職權(quán)罪”；增加食品安全犯罪的過失犯罪“食品安全事故罪”。
[Abstract]:"The country people, hunger breeds discontentment, food to safety first". Food safety is no small matter, food safety is a major issue related to the interests of each individual. In recent years have exposed the clenbuterol, tainted milk, poison bean sprouts, drainage oil, food safety issues such as dead pork, not only become the focus of discussion,.2011 has become the focus of attention of criminal law theory and judicial practice in February 25th through the "People's Republic of China criminal law amendment (eight)", for crimes related to food safety has made significant modifications and additions, in May 3, 2013 the Supreme People's court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate issued "on the handling of several legal issues applicable to harm food safety criminal case explanation", specifies the criteria of conviction and sentencing of food safety crime, put forward related charges in the judicial cognizance standard, legal opinions on the application of unified model for difficult cases. It created a good atmosphere in the formation of crime prevention and punishment of food safety in the whole society.
This paper starts from the definition of food safety and food safety crime in detail, characteristics of food safety crime and the crimes on the basis of knotty problems on judicial identification of China's food safety crime in detail, and through the introduction of foreign related food safety crime criminal regulation, provides a theoretical support for the improvement of China's food safety crime in the judicial application and legislative.
To define the legal level of the first part of this paper starts with the introduction of the concept of food, and then put forward the concept of the crime of food safety and food safety. Using the method of comparative study, this paper introduces and analyzes the extraterritorial criminal law of Chinese food safety regulation, civil law countries representative in the food safety law in Norway, Italy, Japan Russia, to introduce the main object; common law countries select the United States, Britain to introduce the object, on the food safety crime above relevant national legislation to introduce absorbing analysis basis, in order to "outside the box" role in the improvement of Food Safety Crime legislation. This part introduces the development path the criminal law of our country food safety crime, the Regulations means the lack of criminal law on food safety from 79 to 97 in the specific provisions in the specific provisions of criminal law From the amendment of the criminal law (eight) to the comprehensive amendment and supplement to the crime of food safety, the latest interpretation of the legal issues applicable to the "two highs" on the application of food safety crimes.
The second part of this paper describes our current characteristics and causes of crime of food safety crime analysis. The innovation of this perspective, and the elements of crime phenomenon feature attempts from phenomenology and crime elements are described two aspects of food safety crime, and then analysis the reasons of food safety crime in our country from the economic social and legal level, to more targeted prevention and suppression of food safety crime.
The third part is the analysis of judicial problems of food safety crime, from the classification of food safety crime, cognizance and behavior subject, the subjective aspect of the four level of analysis. This paper argues that food safety crime belongs to economic crime, the main object is the socialist market economic order, which do not need to make adjustments to the specific the layout of existing food safety crime in the criminal law of food safety; the object of crime, criminal law to deal with the food on as understood in a broad sense, including food and food additives; genetically modified food including food and food additives, the part of how to identify "do not meet the safety standards of food", "poisonous and harmful food" to be analyzed; in the food safety crime specific behavior, this paper argues that "production and sales" should be understood as food production and food business activities, including food Processing, sales, transportation, storage process; "incorporation" should be understood as the active action of human, namely the law prohibiting the use of toxic and harmful non food raw materials to production, sales of food behavior. In the aspect of subject in this paper that the food safety crime in the "production", "sellers" not only refers to the narrow sense the producers and sellers, and should be understood as general production operators shall be processors, transport, storage are included in the food safety crime; unit crime, unlicensed food producers or sellers can be used as the main body of food safety crime, but not to the unit crime on the conviction and punishment. In the subjective aspect, this paper that crime and food production, food safety crime in the production and sales do not meet the safety standards of selling poisonous and harmful food crime can only be indirect intention, thefoodregulatorymalfeasance crime form Style is deliberate or negligent.
In the fourth part this paper introduces the system of system of food safety crime in China based on foreign legislation, put forward legislative suggestions, suggestions combined with Article 143rd of the criminal law and the crime of food production, 144th production, sales do not meet the safety standards of selling poisonous and harmful food crimes; resolution of article 408th of the criminal law of the charges, "thefoodregulatorymalfeasance" to "food safety supervision of dereliction of duty", "food safety supervision; the crime of breach of privilege" to increase food safety crime crime "food safety accident crime".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前1條

1 魏秀春;;英國食品安全立法研究述評[J];井岡山大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2011年02期

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本文編號(hào)：1444997