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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國刑法中特別沒收的對象研究　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 特別沒收 違禁品 供犯罪所用的本人財物 違法所得的一切財物

【摘要】：我國刑法中的特別沒收,是指由法院裁決,對與犯罪有密切關(guān)聯(lián)的“違禁品”、“供犯罪所用的本人財物”和“違法所得的一切財物”進行的強制性處分措施。特別沒收的對象并非是合法財產(chǎn),而是與犯罪相關(guān)的物品。由于在我國立法上關(guān)于特別沒收制度及其對象的規(guī)定相當(dāng)粗疏,主要體現(xiàn)在刑法典第六十四條,因而導(dǎo)致對其的認識和理解各有不同,出現(xiàn)了諸多的理論爭議和實踐困境,既不利于法律的正確有效實施,更不利于對觸犯刑律者及相關(guān)權(quán)利者的的人權(quán)保障。因此,本文擬從實體法與比較法的視角出發(fā),合理借鑒域外相關(guān)立法例,對特別沒收制度的概念、性質(zhì)、立法目的及對象范圍展開較為深入的研究,為完善立法和統(tǒng)一司法建言。本文由引言、正文構(gòu)成。引言,介紹了本文的論題、研究綜述、研究方法、理論及實踐意義等。正文是本文的主體內(nèi)容,分為以下四個部分:第一部分,特別沒收制度概述。這部分對特別沒收的概念、性質(zhì)、歷史發(fā)展及其正當(dāng)性根據(jù)進行了界定、闡述和探討。本文認為,特別沒收與一般沒收、行政沒收和民事沒收有根本不同,屬于保安處分措施。特別沒收的正當(dāng)性根據(jù)在于社會防衛(wèi)和人權(quán)保障。第二部分,特別沒收對象的理論爭議和實踐困境。這部分一方面介紹了理論界對于特別沒收三類對象之具體范圍的爭議交鋒點,如第三人所有的違禁品是否應(yīng)予沒收、“供犯罪所用”的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、善意第三人是否可以取得贓物的所有權(quán)等等;另一方面引用真實案例敘述了實務(wù)界對于特別沒收制度適用的現(xiàn)狀——適用率低;因追繳、沒收對象錯誤而引起國家賠償訴訟;同類案件同一對象要否特別沒收差異較大,并試圖分析引起上述問題的原因。第三部分,特別沒收對象的辨析和界定。此部分是本文的重點,主要研究了特別沒收之“違禁品”、“供犯罪所用的本人財物”和“違法所得的一切財物”的具體認定規(guī)則。通過對立法中每一類對象逐字逐詞的詳細解讀,力圖為解決爭議和困境提供一條可行的路徑。本文認為,當(dāng)違禁品屬第三人所有時,應(yīng)當(dāng)視第三人有無違禁情形及對犯罪的主觀心理態(tài)度而決定;對于“供犯罪所用”的判斷,應(yīng)當(dāng)以限制國家權(quán)力為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),綜合考慮該物與犯罪的聯(lián)系程度、對犯罪所加功的作用以及預(yù)防再犯功能;出于對市場交易安全的保護,應(yīng)當(dāng)將民法中的善意取得制度擴展至刑事領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的特別沒收制度中,但必須齊備善意取得之構(gòu)成要件。第四部分,物的形態(tài)與特別沒收的對象范圍。放眼于宏觀,“物”的品類眾多、形態(tài)各異。本文從民法學(xué)中對“物”的理論分類為切入點,將之與特別沒收制度相聯(lián)系,試圖探究民刑交叉部分特別沒收對象的最終歸宿。
[Abstract]:In China's Criminal Law refers to the special confiscation by the courts, and the crime are closely associated with "contraband", "the personal property used for committing the" and "all property" illegal income of compulsory measures. Especially the confiscation of the object is not the legitimate property, but crime related items because of provisions on special confiscation system and its object is very rough in our legislation, mainly reflected in the penal code of sixty-fourth, which led to the understanding and comprehension are different, there are many theoretical controversies and difficulties in practice, is not conducive to the effective implementation of law, more is not conducive to the protection of human rights to violate the criminal law and the relevant rights. Therefore, this paper starting from the substantive law and the perspective of comparative law, reasonable extraterritorial legislation, the nature of the concept of special confiscation system, legislative purpose and object The scope of research deeply, to improve the legislation and judicial suggestions. This thesis consists of introduction, body parts. The introduction, introduced this topic, research review, research methods, theoretical and practical significance. The text is the main content of this paper, divided into the following four parts: the first part, the special confiscation system overview. The nature of this part of the special confiscation concept, historical development and justification are defined, elaboration and discussion. This paper argues that the special confiscation and forfeiture, confiscation of administrative and civil forfeiture is fundamentally different, which belongs to the security measures. The legitimacy of special confiscation is based on the social security and the protection of human rights. The second part, especially the confiscation of object theory controversy and practice. This part introduces the theoretical circles for the specific scope of special confiscation three objects of dispute confrontation, such as the third all the contraband Whether it should be confiscated, "criterion" for a crime, whether the bona fide third party can obtain the ownership of stolen goods and so on; on the other hand refers to real case describes the practice for the status quo for special confiscation system suitable for recovery rate is low; error caused by the object, the confiscation of state compensation litigation; similar cases in the same the object to be not special confiscation differences, and tried to analyze the cause of these problems. The third part, the special confiscation of object discrimination and definition. This part is the focus of this paper, mainly studies the special confiscation of "contraband", "the specific rules of the personal property used for committing the illegal" and "all property" the. Based on the detailed interpretation of legislation in each class object word by word, in order to provide a feasible way to resolve disputes and difficulties. This paper argues that when the contraband is third people All the time, and the decision shall be considered third people have no illegal and crime subjective psychological attitude; for the use of criminal judgment should be based on the restriction of state power as the standard, considering the degree of contact with crime, and work on the crime and the role of the relapse prevention function for the protection; the security of the market transaction, should be the system of civil law extended to the criminal in the field of special confiscation system, but must complete the goodwill of elements. The fourth part, the form and scope of special confiscation. Put eyes on the macro, the "object" category many, this theory shapes. The classification of "material" from the civil law as a starting point, will relate with the special confiscation system, trying to explore the final destination for cross section of civil and criminal special confiscation of objects.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D924

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