【摘要】：本論文的主旨是對表演者權(quán)利進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性研究。就目前筆者掌握的資料來看,我國還沒有就表演者權(quán)利進(jìn)行專門研究的論著,從這個(gè)意義上講,本論文的研究是開創(chuàng)性的,也正因此,它的不足也是顯而易見的。本論文的目的在于拋磚引玉。 表演者這一特殊的職業(yè)群體深深地植根于社會(huì)文化之中,他們的足跡與人類歷史相伴。在歷史變遷的浪濤里,表演者的社會(huì)地位發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。法律概念中的表演者這一術(shù)語來源于英文“performer”,在現(xiàn)代漢語中與該詞相對應(yīng)的是演員一詞。演員在中國古代稱作優(yōu)伶。縱觀優(yōu)伶形成與發(fā)展的歷史,從藝術(shù)的角度看,優(yōu)伶所創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)永遠(yuǎn)是中國藝術(shù)史中一顆璀璨的明星;從道德和法律的角度看,優(yōu)伶的歷史,更多是道德與法律對其歧視的歷史。在西方,表演者們也曾長期被拒絕于教會(huì)門外。 跨過歷史的門檻,科學(xué)技術(shù)尤其是錄制技術(shù)與廣播電視技術(shù)在十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初的迅猛發(fā)展徹底改變了表演者的社會(huì)地位。一方面隨著錄制、廣播等傳播技術(shù)的發(fā)展,娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)成為各國經(jīng)濟(jì)中最重要的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,而表演者在整個(gè)娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)中具有舉足輕重的地位。不可否認(rèn),娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起造就了擁有名車豪宅的明星一族,他們的社會(huì)地位、收入水平、生活方式與普通大眾有著很大不同。人們喜歡他們,崇拜他們,享受著他們獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)表演所帶來的歡愉和意境,他們耀眼的光芒閃爍在人們的日常生活中。另一方面,整個(gè)表演者職業(yè)群體的利益并沒有隨著娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起而大幅度地提高。相反,錄制、廣播等傳播技術(shù)的發(fā)展徹底改變了表演者——表演的組織者——觀眾,或者表演者——觀眾這樣簡單的鏈接關(guān)系,表演者與觀眾必須面對面的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。由于法律保護(hù)手段的欠缺,表演者這一群體中的大多數(shù)被推向了失業(yè)的邊緣。 正是為了肯定表演者辛勤勞動(dòng)為社會(huì)所做出的特殊貢獻(xiàn);正是為了保證表演者在歷史的長河中繼續(xù)承擔(dān)不可替代的文化傳播者的角色,有必要給予這一群體以專門的法律保護(hù)來應(yīng)對錄制、廣播等傳播技術(shù)的發(fā)展給這一群體所帶來的職業(yè)危機(jī),表演者權(quán)利應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 表演者權(quán)利具有廣義和狹義之分。廣義的表演者權(quán)利,是指表演者作為自然人所享有的一切權(quán)利,包括憲法、刑法、民法、合同法、鄰接權(quán)法等法律授予自然人的所有權(quán)利。狹義的表演者權(quán)利,是指表演者因表演行為而在鄰接權(quán)法上所享有的權(quán)利,包括精神權(quán)利和經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利。如果沒有特別說明,本論文主要是在第二層涵義
[Abstract]:The main purpose of this paper is to systematically study the rights of performers. In this sense, the research of this paper is groundbreaking, and therefore, its deficiency is also obvious. In this sense, our country has not done a special research on the performer's rights in our country, and it is also obvious that the research of this paper is groundbreaking and therefore the deficiency of this paper is also obvious. The purpose of this paper is to throw bricks and attract jade. Performers, a special professional group, are deeply rooted in social culture, and their footprints are accompanied by human history. In the waves of historical changes, the social status of performers has undergone earth-shaking changes. The term performer in the concept of law comes from the English "performer". In modern Chinese, the word actor corresponds to the word actor. Actors and actresses were called Youling in ancient China. Throughout the history of the formation and development of Youling, from the point of view of art, the art created by Youling is always a bright star in the history of Chinese art. From the moral and legal point of view, Youling's history is more the history of moral and legal discrimination against it. In the West, performers have long been rejected from the church. Across the threshold of history, the rapid development of science and technology, especially recording technology and radio and television technology, completely changed the social status of performers at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. On the one hand, with the development of recording, broadcasting and other communication technologies, entertainment industry has become one of the most important industries in the economy of various countries, and performers play an important role in the whole entertainment industry. It is undeniable that the rise of the entertainment industry has created a family of stars with famous cars and luxury houses, their social status, income level and lifestyle are very different from those of the general public. People like them, worship them, enjoy the joy and artistic conception brought by their unique artistic performance, and their dazzling light twinkles in people's daily life. On the other hand, the interests of the whole performer professional group have not been greatly improved with the rise of the entertainment industry. On the contrary, the development of communication technologies such as recording and broadcasting has revolutionized the simple link relationship between performers-the organizers of the performance-the audience, or the performer-audience-and the era when the performer and the audience have to face-to-face is over. Due to the lack of legal protection, most of the performers are pushed to the brink of unemployment. It is in order to affirm the performer's hard work to make the special contribution to the society; It is in order to ensure that performers continue to play an irreplaceable role as cultural communicators in the long course of history, and it is necessary to give this group special legal protection to deal with recording. The professional crisis brought by the development of broadcasting and other communication technologies to this group, the rights of performers emerge as the times require. The rights of performers can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. The rights of performers in a broad sense refer to all the rights enjoyed by performers as natural persons, including all the rights granted to natural persons by laws such as constitution, criminal law, civil law, contract law, adjoining law and so on. In a narrow sense, the rights of performers refer to the rights enjoyed by performers in neighborhood law because of performance, including spiritual rights and economic rights. If there is no special explanation, this paper is mainly in the second layer of meaning
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：D913;D997.1

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本文編號：2474450